Erythrocytes

Question 1

plasma makes up about how much of blood volume

Answer 1

55%

Question 2

specialized connective tissue in fluid that is the primary vehicle for transport of nutrients, O2, CO2, waste products, and hormones

Answer 2

blood

Question 3

bulk of plasma proteins all synthesized in the liver that functions as transporter proteins for insoluble metabolites (fatty acids) and are responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure in blood vessels

Answer 3

albumins

Question 4

large plasma proteins used as transport proteins for lipids and heavy metal ions

Answer 4

globulins

Question 5

largest fractions of globulins; Antibodies synthesized by plasma cells

Answer 5

immunoglobulins

Question 6

largest plasma proteins that are soluble and synthesized in the liver; polymerize to form an insoluble protein during clotting

Answer 6

fibrinogens

Question 7

clotting reaction

Answer 7

prothrombin to thrombin that catalyzes fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 8

formed elements of blood

Answer 8

WBCs, RBCs, and platelets

Question 9

process by which mature blood cells develop from precursor cells in the bone marrow

Answer 9

hemopoiesis

Question 10

volume of red blood cells

Answer 10

hematocrit

Question 11

layer of blood centrifuge made of WBCs and platelets

Answer 11

buffy coat

Question 12

drop of blood smeared, air dried, stained with modified Romanovsky method

Answer 12

blood smear

Question 13

red blood cell production

Answer 13

erythropoiesis

Question 14

white blood cell production

Answer 14

myeolpoiesis

Question 15

estimated output of daily RBcs

Answer 15

2.5 billion

Question 16

bone marrow active that contains large #’s of mature RBCs

Answer 16

red bone marrow

Question 17

bone marrow that is inactive

Answer 17

yellow/ fatty bone marrow

Question 18

occasional, basophilic nuclear remnants visible within cytoplasm

Answer 18

Howell-Jolly bodies

Question 19

immature RBCs with stippled cytoplasm; still have some rRNA; slightly larger than mature RBCs

Answer 19

reticulocytes

Question 20

increased number of reticulocytes in circulation associated with chronic blood loss (hemolytic anemia)

Answer 20

reticulocytosis

Question 21

large number of erythrocyte precursors in peripheral blood; starts to look like bone marrow with a lot of immature cells

Answer 21

megaloblastic anemia

Question 22

erythrocyte diameter

Answer 22

6-8 micrometers

Question 23

structural protein in RBCs that provides both resiliency and deformability and binds to inner surface of plasma membrane

Answer 23

spectrin

Question 24

contains 4 polypeptide chains associated with 4 Fe- containing heme groups

Answer 24

Hemoglobin

Question 25

single aa substitution (valine for glutamate @ position of 6 of beta-globulin chain) that causes conformational change in cell that makes it more fragile and easily damaged; cause damage to endothelial cells of capillary walls due to rough edges

Answer 25

sickle cell anemia

Question 26

sickle cell anemia confers resistance to ____; caused by intracellular blood parasite (Plasmodium spp.)

Answer 26

malaria

Question 27

small, non-nucleated cells containing organelles used in formation of blood clot; formed from megakaryocytes

Answer 27

platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 28

large, polyploid cells in bone marrow

Answer 28

megakaryocytes

Question 29

result of cascade interaction between plasma proteins and coagulation factors; occurs only if endothelial lining of vessel injured

Answer 29

coagulation

Question 30

initiated by release of tissue thromboplastin as a result of tissue damage; (faster)

Answer 30

extrinsic pathway

Question 31

initiated by exposure of collagen that requires numerous clotting factors (slower)

Answer 31

intrinsic pathway

Question 32

What does exhaustion of fibrinogen & removal of thrombin from blood during conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin do? antithrombin III and heparin also contribute

Answer 32

stops clotting

Question 33

deficiency in clotting factors so that blood can't clot; defect in intrinsic pathway that is sex-linked in males that occurs on X chromosome

Answer 33

hemophilia