Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands; characterized by production of keratin intermediate filaments

Answer 1

epithelia

Question 2

developmental area that gives rise to epidermis, cornea and lens epithelia of eye, enamel organ and enamel of teeth, anterior pituitary, and inner ear

Answer 2

ectoderm

Question 3

developmental area that gives rise to the neural tube (CNS): pineal body, posterior pituitary, sensory epithelium of eye, ear and nose; and the neural crest (PNS): ganglia, nerves, glial cells, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, neuroendocrine cells

Answer 3

neuroectoderm

Question 4

developmental area that gives rise to the epithelium of kidneys and gonads, mesothelium lining pleura, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities, endothelium of blood and lymph vessels, and the adrenal cortex

Answer 4

mesoderm

Question 5

developmental area that gives rise to epithelium of respiratory system, alimentary epithelium excluding the anal and oral cavity, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, tympanic cavity and Eustachian tubes, transitional epithelium of bladder

Answer 5

endoderm

Question 6

functions as barrier, semi-permeable membrane, secretion, absorption, transport, and sensation

Answer 6

epithelium

Question 7

epithelium never penetrated by blood vessels

Answer 7

epithelia avascular

Question 8

_______ is supported by basement membrane, separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue and blood vessels, relies on diffusion of O2 and nutrients from underlying tissue

Answer 8

epithelium

Question 9

epithelium that lines cavities that connect with outside world (alimentary, respiratory, urogenital); contains surface epithelium of ectoderm, basement membrane, supporting connective tissue (lamina propria), and sometimes layers of smooth muscle

Answer 9

mucous membrane

Question 10

epithelium that lines closed body cavities (peritoneal, pleural, or pericardial); consists of epithelial lining, mesothelium, basement membrane, and supporting connective tissue; lacks muscularis mucosae

Answer 10

serous membrane

Question 11

epithelium that lines blood and lymph vessels; associated with variable numbers of muscle and connective tissue layers or tunics

Answer 11

endothelium

Question 12

T/F Most epithelial cells have finite lifespan

Answer 12

True

Question 13

extracellular matrix proteins (external lamina) that provides structural support, scaffolding for growth, differentiation, and migration of cells during embryonic growth and regeneration

Answer 13

basement membrane

Question 14

major components of ________ include GAG’s, type 4 collagen, and structural glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin, and entactin)

Answer 14

basement membrane

Question 15

layer of basement membrane in contact with basal cell membrane

Answer 15

lamina lucida

Question 16

layer of basement membrane that merges with surrounding tissue

Answer 16

lamina reticularis

Question 17

layer of basement membrane anchored to underlying connective tissue by microfibrils of type 4 collagen

Answer 17

lamina densa

Question 18

3 functional types of cell junctions

Answer 18

occluding, adhering, and communicating

Question 19

located immediately beneath luminal surface of simple columnar epithelia that seals intercellular space and prevents leakage

Answer 19

occluding (tight) junctions

Question 20

continuous, circumferential band formed around the cell where portions of opposing cell membranes fuse together

Answer 20

zonula occludens

Question 21

present between endothelial cells in wall of blood vessels that promote extravasation of WBCs

Answer 21

fascia occludens

Question 22

cell junction that binds cells together and act as anchoring points for cell cytoskeleton

Answer 22

adhering (anchoring) junctions

Question 23

continuous band characterized by transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherins where the adjacent cell membranes are not fused

Answer 23

zonula adherens

Question 24

small circular patches (spot welds) located on lateral surface of cell that are associated with attachment plaques containing attachment proteins like desmoplakins, desmogleins, and tonofilaments

Answer 24

macula adherens (desmosomes)

Question 25

most common type of cell junction

Answer 25

macula adherens (desmosomes)

Question 26

cell junctions found on basal surface of cell only, anchoring it to basement membrane via integrins that are associated with high mechanical abrasion/shearing forces

Answer 26

hemidesmosomes

Question 27

a specialized, circumferential, intercellular connection that is a hybrid between adhering and occluding junctions that forms diffusion barrier between cells

Answer 27

junctional complex (terminal bar)

Question 28

zonula occludens (tight junction), zonula adherens (adherens junction), and macula adherens (desmosomes) comprise the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

junctional complex (terminal bar)

Question 29

focal or regional adherent zones located on lateral border of cell that permit passage of small molecules between adjacent cells and allows transport of information and metabolites between cells

Answer 29

gap (nexus) junctions

Question 30

short, finger-like cytoplasmic projections that contain actin filaments that extend from cell surface that increase surface area for absorption or secretion

Answer 30

microvilli

Question 31

network of actin microfilaments at base of microvilli that provide support

Answer 31

terminal web

Question 32

long microvilli (not cilia) found only in epididymis of males and sensory cells of inner ear that are non-motile and contain actin filaments

Answer 32

stereocilia

Question 33

long, motile cytoplasmic extensions that posses an axoneme that arise from an individual basal body formed from centrioles; beat in a synchronous rhythm; has rapid, rigid, effective stroke and slower, flexible recovery stroke

Answer 33

cilia

Question 34

9+2 arrangement of microtubules seen in cilia

Answer 34

axoneme

Question 35

disorder that causes sterility in males due to non-functional flagella on sperm

Answer 35

Kartagener's syndrome

Question 36

heart appears on left side of body due to absence of ciliary activity during embryonic development

Answer 36

Dextrocardia/ situs inversus

Question 37

disorder due to non-functional cilia on ependymal cells unable to circulate CSF

Answer 37

hydrocephalus

Question 38

epithelium that is 1 cell layer thick

Answer 38

simple

Question 39

epithelium that is 2 or more layers thick

Answer 39

stratified

Question 40

epithelium that looks stratified but isn't; all cells rest on basement membrane but not all cells extend to epithelial surface

Answer 40

pseudostratified

Question 41

flattened cells that; width\>height

Answer 41

squamous

Question 42

width=height=depth

Answer 42

cubodial

Question 43

height\>depth

Answer 43

columnar

Question 44

Answer 44

simple squamous

Question 45

Answer 45

simple cubodial

Question 46

Answer 46

simple columnar

Question 47

Answer 47

stratified squamous

Question 48

Answer 48

pseudostratified

Question 49

Answer 49

transitional epithelium

Question 50

lines most of urinary tract except for parts of urethra; stratified epithelium, modified for distensibility; varies from squamous to cuboidal

Answer 50

transitional epithelium

Question 51

epithelium linig blood vessels and lymphatics; simple squamous

Answer 51

endothelium

Question 52

epithelium lining closed body cavities (thoracic, pericardial, and abdominal cavities); simple squamous

Answer 52

mesothelium

Question 53

Answer 53

endothelium

Question 54

Answer 54

mesothelium

Question 55

gland with unbranched ducts (straight or coiled)

Answer 55

simple gland

Question 56

gland with branched ducts

Answer 56

compound gland

Question 57

gland that has a tube-like shape (straight or coiled)

Answer 57

tubular

Question 58

gland that is shaped like a sac or flask

Answer 58

acinar

Question 59

gland shaped like a tube with a dilated end

Answer 59

tubuloacinar

Question 60

gland that secretes a watery solution; basophilic acini

Answer 60

serous gland

Question 61

gland that secretes a thick, viscid secretion that appears clear on an H&E

Answer 61

mucous gland

Question 62

gland that contains both mucous and serous acini that often include serous demilunes

Answer 62

mixed gland

Question 63

secrete lipids in form of sebum on skin

Answer 63

sebaceous gland

Question 64

Answer 64

1: Serous acini 2: Striated ducts 3: Mucous Acini

Question 65

gland that lact ducts that secrete products directly into bloodstream

Answer 65

endocrine glands

Question 66

gland that secretes product onto epithelial surface via ducts that contain myoepithelial cells

Answer 66

exocrine glands

Question 67

Answer 67

Exocrine gland

Question 68

lie between secretory cells and basement membrane; assit in secretion

Answer 68

myoepithelial cells

Question 69

specialized unicellular exocrine glands that are located in epithelium and secrete mucous

Answer 69

goblet cells

Question 70

gland where only the ssecretory product is released

Answer 70

merocrine (eccrine)

Question 71

gland that secretes membrane-bound vesicles; product acompanied by some cytoplasm, usually lipid products

Answer 71

apocrine

Question 72

gland where entire cell is secreted

Answer 72

holocrine

Question 73

Answer 73

1: merocrine 2. apocrine 3. holocrine 4. endocrine