Leukocytes

Question 1

mobile cells that leave circulation; WBCs stick to endothelial cell surface and squeeze between endothelial cells of capillaries & venules via pseudopodia; function as active part of immune system in tissues

Answer 1

leukocytes

Question 2

any cell product that influences another cell, like pheromone

Answer 2

cytokines

Question 3

acid dye that stains bases bright pink

Answer 3

eosinophilic dye

Question 4

basic dye that stains acids deep blue/purple

Answer 4

basophilic dye (azurophilic)

Question 5

neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils that all have single, multi-lobed nucleus & prominent cytoplasmic granules (primary and secondary)

Answer 5

granulocytes

Question 6

multi-lobed nucleus (3-5); short-lived; few mitochondria; primary granules contain unique antimicrobial myeloperoxidase

Answer 6

neutrophils

Question 7

bacterial killing by generating hydrogen peroxide and hypocholorous acid

Answer 7

respiratory burst

Question 8

immature neutrophils that cause a left shift similar to anemia

Answer 8

stab cells

Question 9

inactive X chromosome in females

Answer 9

Barr body

Question 10

mast cells in tissue; specific granules contain hydrolytic enzymes, heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, histamine, leukotrienes; used in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 10

basophils

Question 11

remain in circulation 3-6 hours before entering tissue; lifespan 8-12 days; has IgE surface receptors; contains histaminase; important in hypersensitivity rxns; have antiparasitic function especially against flukes; parasites and affinity for Antigen-antibody complexes

Answer 11

eosinophils

Question 12

monocytes and lymphocytes; have single, unlobed nucleus and lack secondary granules but have primary (azurophilic) granules

Answer 12

agranulocytes

Question 13

abundant, gray-blue/lavender cytoplasm; large indented (kidney bean shaped) nucleus; present in bloodstream 2-3 days then extravasate, enter tissue then become macrophages; lifespan is several months

Answer 13

monocytes

Question 14

fixed tissue macrophages in liver

Answer 14

kupfer cells

Question 15

fixed tissue macrophages in CNS

Answer 15

microglial cells

Question 16

fixed tissue macrophages in skin

Answer 16

Langerhans cells

Question 17

fixed tissue macrophages in lung

Answer 17

dust cells

Question 18

fixed tissue macrophages in bone

Answer 18

osteoclasts

Question 19

antigen stimulates ___ to form; macrophages fuse to form it

Answer 19

epithelioid giant cell

Question 20

WBC active in subacute to chronic infections; have lifespan of days to years; round, densely staining nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm; 2 types: t and b cells

Answer 20

lymphocytes

Question 21

function in humorally mediated immune response and produce antibodies; formed and become immunocompetent in bone marrow; after encountering antigens, undergo multiple divisions to produce clones of antibody producing plasma cells

Answer 21

B cells

Question 22

formed in bone marrow but become immunocompetent in the thymus; have receptors (paratopes) that recognize antigens (epitopes); responsible for cell-mediated immunity and have long lifespan; 3 types

Answer 22

T cells

Question 23

primary effectors in cell-mediated immunity tend to be large that recognize cells with foreign surface antigens or receptors and kill them by punching holes in membrane

Answer 23

cytotoxic t cells

Question 24

detect invaders and sound chemical alarm; recognize antigens usually presented by macrophages or b cells then secrete cytokines

Answer 24

heler t cells

Question 25

suppress activity of b cells, dampen immune response, especially to self moleuces

Answer 25

suppressor cells

Question 26

lymphocytes which posses Fc receptors but lack specific cell surface markers of either b or t cells; include natural killer cells; responsible for nonspecific cytotoxicity against virus-infected and tumor cells

Answer 26

null cell

Question 27

most abundant to least abundant leukocytes

Answer 27

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Question 28

Shows total number of WBCs

Answer 28

CBC (complete blood count)

Question 29

Shows relative percentages of WBCs

Answer 29

Differential cell count

Question 30

Increase in neutrophils shows ________

Answer 30

Acute, bacterial issue

Question 31

Increase in lymphocytes and monocytes shows _________

Answer 31

Subacute viral issue

Question 32

Increase in eosinophils shows ________

Answer 32

Allergies and parasites

Question 33

Increase in WBCs shows ______

Answer 33

Infection/tumor

Question 34

Decrease in WBCs shows ________

Answer 34

Immune suppression/tumor

Question 35

Neutropenia shows ______

Answer 35

Acute viral infection or severe sepsis

Question 36

Decrease in platelets shows ______

Answer 36

Thrombocytopenia