Cytoskeleton and Cell Division

Question 1

provide structural support for plasma membrane & organelles, intracellular movement/transport of substances, cell locomotion, muscle contraction

Answer 1

cytoskeleton

Question 2

distributed in 3D network throughout cytoplasm; important in maintaining cell shape, facilitate shape changes during movement

Answer 2

microfilaments

Question 3

thin microfilament made of protofilaments that twist together

Answer 3

actin

Question 4

small globular protein monomer that polymerizes to form protofilaments

Answer 4

g-actin

Question 5

polymer form of G-actin

Answer 5

protofilaments

Question 6

2 protofilaments that twist together to form double helix that combine to form larger actin filaments

Answer 6

F-actin

Question 7

support meshwork formed by actin and filamin that prevents cell from deformation

Answer 7

cell cortex (terminal web)

Question 8

thick microfilament classified as a motor protein that are long and rod shaped with globular head that form thick, ropy cables and form cross bridges between adjacent filaments

Answer 8

myosin

Question 9

size between microfilaments and microtubules; form large filaments that bind w intracellular structures useful in immunhistochemistry and tumor ID

Answer 9

intermediate filaments

Question 10

intermediate filament characteristic of all epithelial cells; forms tonofibrils in epidermis of skin

Answer 10

cyto(keratin)

Question 11

intermediate filaments found in mesodermal cells of messenchymal origin (includes endothelial cells, muscle, & neuroectodermal cells)

Answer 11

vimentin

Question 12

intermediate filaments unique to muscle cells; mesodermal origin

Answer 12

desmin

Question 13

intermediate filaments present in nerve cells

Answer 13

neurofilament proteins

Question 14

intermediate filaments found in glial (support) cells of nervous system (astrocytes)

Answer 14

GFAP- glial fibrillary acidic protein)

Question 15

intermediate filament that forms layer on inside of nuclear membrane

Answer 15

lamin

Question 16

larger, composed of 2 globular protein subunits arranged in a coiled, spirall pattern that polymerize to form hollow tubes that readily assemble and disassemble

Answer 16

microtubule

Question 17

9 pairs of microtubules (peripheral doublets) containing dyenin arms arranged in circle w central doublet structrue

Answer 17

axoneme

Question 18

region of the cell known as the “cell center” near nucleus and function in cell division

Answer 18

centrosome

Question 19

located in centrosome that consists of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylinder and acts as a nucleation center for microtubules

Answer 19

centriole

Question 20

2 components that make up microtubules

Answer 20

alpha and beta tubulin

Question 21

motor proteins that attach microtubules to organelles allowing movement in cytoplasm

Answer 21

dyenin and kinesin

Question 22

growth and replication of cell

Answer 22

mitosis

Question 23

resting phase or time between divisions that occupies most of life of cell- consists of G1, S, and G2 phase

Answer 23

interphase

Question 24

longest of cell phases where cell growth, maturation, and differentiation

Answer 24

G1 phase

Question 25

increase in cell size that occurs during G1

Answer 25

hypertrophy

Question 26

increase in cell size number (mitosis)

Answer 26

hyperplasia

Question 27

replication of DNA prior to division; 2n to 4n

Answer 27

S phase

Question 28

preparation for mitosis; synthesis of ATP & tubulin for mitotic spindle

Answer 28

G2 phase

Question 29

cell division portion of mitosis that forms 2 daughter cells

Answer 29

M phase

Question 30

nuclear division

Answer 30

karyokinesis

Question 31

cytoplasmic division

Answer 31

cytokinesis

Question 32

retain capacity for division with proper stimulus

Answer 32

facultative dividers

Question 33

cell lose the capacity to divide

Answer 33

terminally differentiated

Question 34

chromosomes visibly condensed, microfilaments & microtubules of cytoskeleton disaggregate, centrioles migrate to piles of cell, form spindle apparatus w interpolar microtubules between them

Answer 34

prophase

Question 35

nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear at end of prophase; mitotic attaches to chromosomes to chromosomes at kinetochore

Answer 35

prometaphase (late prophase)

Question 36

chromosomes line up along equator (metaphase plate)

Answer 36

metaphase

Question 37

centromeres split apart, chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of cell; pulled by microtubules connecting centriole and kinetochore

Answer 37

anaphase

Question 38

mitotic spindle disaggregates, nuclear envelope reassembles, nucleoli reappear, plasma membrane forms cleavage furrow and cytokinesis

Answer 38

telophase

Question 39

used to describe proportion of cells in a tissue in mitosis at any given time; important in tumors- estimated by counting # of mitotic figures/HPF

Answer 39

mitotic index

Question 40

reproduction division that forms 4 haploid gametes that occurs in germ cells of gonads

Answer 40

meiosis

Question 41

first meiotic division results in formation of

Answer 41

2 daughter cells

Question 42

crossing over (chiasmata formation) occurs during

Answer 42

prophase 1

Question 43

centromeres split during

Answer 43

anaphase 2

Question 44

T/F: interphase 2 replicates DNA

Answer 44

False

Question 45

T/F: no crossing over during prophase 2

Answer 45

True

Question 46

During telophase 2 of meiosis, cytokinesis yields _____

Answer 46

4 haploid gametes

Question 47

___ viable sperm are formed in gametogenesis

Answer 47

3 or 4

Question 48

_____ viable eggs are formed in gametogenesis

Answer 48

1 w 2-3 non-functional polar bodies

Question 49

spermatogenesis begins at ___

Answer 49

puberty

Question 50

oogenesis begins at____

Answer 50

fetal development

Question 51

programmed cell death

Answer 51

apoptosis

Question 52

shrinkage of nuclei seen in apoptosis

Answer 52

pyknosis

Question 53

chromatin in nucleus begins to degenerate

Answer 53

karyolysis

Question 54

nuclear material begins to fragment and nuclear membrane disintegrates

Answer 54

karyorhexis

Question 55

death of cells as a result of inflammation, traumatic injury or pathology

Answer 55

necrosis