Nervous Tissue

Question 1

structural and functional unit of nervous system

Answer 1

neuron

Question 2

most neuron cell bodies are located in _____

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

do not divide, although regeneration of axons possible

Answer 3

terminally differentiated

Question 4

neurons that are not terminally differentiated

Answer 4

olfactory and hippocampus

Question 5

part of neuron that contains nucleus and is surrounded by cytoplasm

Answer 5

soma

Question 6

cytoplasm of neuron

Answer 6

perikaryon

Question 7

rough ER of neruon

Answer 7

nissl substance

Question 8

plasma membrane surrounding neural cell

Answer 8

neurilemma

Question 9

highly branched neuron process

Answer 9

dendrites

Question 10

area near soma where the axon arises

Answer 10

axon hillock

Question 11

distal swelling where the axon terminates; contains mitochondria and membrane bound synaptic vesicles containing chemical neurotransmitters

Answer 11

terminal bouton

Question 12

movement of products down an axon

Answer 12

axonal transport

Question 13

____ axonal transport carries cytoskeletal elements

Answer 13

slow

Question 14

____ axonal transport carries membrane bound organelles

Answer 14

fast

Question 15

transport from cell body down an axon

Answer 15

anterograde transport

Question 16

transport from axon to cell body

Answer 16

retrograde transport

Question 17

anterograde transport uses ____

Answer 17

kinesin

Question 18

retrograde transport uses ______

Answer 18

dyenin

Question 19

most common type of neuron with several dendrites

Answer 19

multi-polar neuron

Question 20

neuron type with single dendrite opposite axon

Answer 20

bipolar neuron

Question 21

neuron type with no dendrites on soma, axon only

Answer 21

unipolar neuron

Question 22

neuron type with single dendrite and axon fuse; soma is off to one side

Answer 22

pseudounipolar neuron

Question 23

point where nerves is unresponsive to stimuli when Na channels close and can’t reopen for 1-2 millisecons

Answer 23

refractory period

Question 24

terminal bouton separated from effector cell by ____

Answer 24

synaptic cleft

Question 25

signaling molecules released from pre-synaptic molecule; diffuse across synaptic cleft, bind to receptor molecules on post-synaptic membrane

Answer 25

neurotransmitters

Question 26

the 2 neurotransmitters used in PNS

Answer 26

acetylcholine and norepinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 27

sympathetic response uses ________ as excitatory neurotransmitter (adrenergic)

Answer 27

noradrenaline (nor-epinephrine)

Question 28

parasympathetic response uses ______ as excitatory neurotransmitter (cholinergic)

Answer 28

acetylcholine

Question 29

provide structural and metabolic support for axons

Answer 29

Schwann cells

Question 30

insulated by many concentric layers of plasma membrane from many schwann cells

Answer 30

myelinated nerves

Question 31

several axons lie in channels within schwann cell, surrounded by a single later of neurilemma from schwann cell

Answer 31

non-myelinated nerve

Question 32

gaps in myelin sheath between adjacent schwann cells that are responsible for rapid saltatory conduction

Answer 32

nodes of Ranvier

Question 33

______ myelinate the CNS

Answer 33

oligodendrocytes

Question 34

loose connective tissue that surround individual axons and schwann cells

Answer 34

endoneurium

Question 35

surround multiple axons organized into bundles (fascicles); unique cells; exhibit epithelioid and myoid features that may play a role in axon regeneration

Answer 35

perineurium

Question 36

additional layer of connective tissue that surround larger nerves containing several fascicles

Answer 36

epineurium

Question 37

neurons with cell bodies in gray matter of brain and spinal cord in CNS

Answer 37

preganglionic neurons

Question 38

neurons with cell bodies located within ganglia

Answer 38

postganglionic neurons

Question 39

discrete aggregations of postsynaptic neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS; embryologically derived from neural crest

Answer 39

ganglia

Question 40

surround each cell body that provide structural and mechanical support; derived from neural crest

Answer 40

satellite cells

Question 41

_____ ganglia is located anterior to spine

Answer 41

prevertebral

Question 42

_____ ganglia located primarily in the sympathetic truck

Answer 42

paravertebral

Question 43

______ ganglia located in or near effector organ

Answer 43

parasympathetic