Cell Ultrastructure and Cytoskeleton

Question 1

Gel like material made of 70-85% water; electrolytes, proteins, lipids, carbs

Answer 1

protoplasm

Question 2

Semi-liquid contents between cell membrane & nuclear membrane, surrounds organelles

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

Semi-liquid contents within nucleus

Answer 3

nucleoplasm

Question 4

DNA complexed with nucleoproteins

Answer 4

chromatin

Question 5

Packaged chromatin

Answer 5

chromosomes

Question 6

Segments of DNA coding for particular traits contained in chromosomes

Answer 6

genes

Question 7

Different forms of same gene

Answer 7

alleles

Question 8

Sorting of chromosome pairs according to size & shape

Answer 8

karyotyping

Question 9

Electron-dense, darkly-staining, inactive DNA & nucleoproteins

Answer 9

heterochromatin

Question 10

dispersed DNA active in transcription

Answer 10

euchromatin

Question 11

Cells active in translation will have prominent ____ & abundant _____

Answer 11

nucleolus;euchromatin

Question 12

Most of DNA-associated protein in eukaryotes; assist with DNA folding- chromatin organization into chromosomes

Answer 12

histones

Question 13

segments of DNA wrap around several histones; regulate activity

Answer 13

nucleosomes

Question 14

facilitates changing back and forth of euchromatin and heterochromatin

Answer 14

nucleoproteins

Question 15

additional category of nucleoproteins; may also be involved in regulation of gene activity

Answer 15

non-histones

Question 16

surrounds nucleus that separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm

Answer 16

nuclear envelope

Question 17

separates inner and outer membrane nuclear membrane

Answer 17

perinuclear cisterna

Question 18

inner nuclear membrane associated with network of lamin filaments for support

Answer 18

nuclear lamina

Question 19

70-80nm diameter channels surrounded by a ring of proteins that regulate exchange of macromolecules between nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 19

nucleoporins

Question 20

connect inner and outer nuclear membranes

Answer 20

nuclear pore complex

Question 21

proteinaceous structures that contain rRNA; synthesized & assembled in nucleolus

Answer 21

ribosomes

Question 22

powerhouse of the cell that produces ATP, site of oxidative phosphorylation and Kreb’s cycle

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

pleated inner membrane of mitochondria

Answer 23

cristae

Question 24

Contains surface receptors for ribosomes and specializes in protein synthesis

Answer 24

rough ER

Question 25

Function in lipid synthesis, transport of proteins to golgi, synthesis of cholesterol & steroid hormones, and is involved in detoxification & conjugation of drugs and toxins

Answer 25

smooth ER

Question 26

Surround & coat proteins for transport, bud off sER, transport proteins between sER & golgi & between golgi and cell surface

Answer 26

coated vesicles

Question 27

Complex of flattened, stacked, membrane-bound cisternae; functions in post-translational modification, packaging, & sorting of proteins synthesized in rER

Answer 27

golgi

Question 28

Forming face; proteins arrive from rER in coated transfer vesicles; convex

Answer 28

cis golgi face

Question 29

Maturing face; proteins packaged into clathrin-coated vesicles for secretion; concave

Answer 29

trans golgi face

Question 30

during exocytosis and secretion, large amounts of intracellular membrane incorporated into outer cell membrane; recycled by golgi

Answer 30

membrane trafficking

Question 31

membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes; used to degrade organelles & cells with finite life spans during apoptosis

Answer 31

lysosomes

Question 32

Type of endocytic vesicles with acid pH in lumen

Answer 32

endosomes

Question 33

membrane-bound organelles containing oxidative enzymes (oxidases); found in liver and kidneys; use enzymes, free radicals, & hydrogen peroxide to oxidize toxic metabolites

Answer 33

peroxisomes

Question 34

non-living components of the cell (fat droplets, lipids, glycogen)

Answer 34

inclusions

Question 35

black, brown granular pigment produced by melanocytes and is transported to other cells

Answer 35

melanin

Question 36

gold-brown granules; frequently seen in neurons; sometimes called old age pigment

Answer 36

lipufuscin