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Vascular Board > Cerebrovascular Gross anatomy > Flashcards

Cerebrovascular Gross anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What artery arises from ophthalmic artery, exits orbit medially to supply mid-forehead, joins ECA via some of its branches

A

frontal artery

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2
Q

The majority of blood flows into which portion of the carotid, internal or external?

A

internal

distributes blood to low-resistance vascular beds

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3
Q

Where does the ICA terminate?

A

middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery

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4
Q

What branch of the carotid has eight major branches, the first branch is usually the superior thyroid artery?

A

external carotid artery

distributes blood to high-resistance vascular beds

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5
Q

Formed by confluence of vertebral arteries, divides into posterior cerebral arteries?

A

basilar artery

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6
Q

The internal carotid travels into the base of the skull, intracranial branches are?

A

Ophthalmic artery: originates near carotid siphon, a significate curve in the ICA
Posterior communicating artery

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7
Q

What is the largest intra-arterial connection?

A

circle of willis

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8
Q

Blood flow must change direction as the flowstream narrows entering the stenosis and enlarges as it exits. What causes energy loss through inertia?

A

Eddy currents, turbulence, and vortices

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9
Q

What arteries in the circle of willis?

A

Distal internal carotid, anterior cerebral arteries joined together by the anterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral arteries joined together by the posterior communicating arteries.

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10
Q

What are the important anastomoses?

A

a) ECA-ICA connections via orbital and ophthalmic arteries
b) occipital branch of ECA with atlantic branch of vertebral
c) deep cervical and ascending cervical branches of subclavian to branches of lower vertebral artery

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11
Q

First branch off the subclavian artery, unite after entering skull to form basilar artery?

A

vertebral

rt usually smaller than lt

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12
Q

What artery arise from ophthalmic artery, travels anteriorly and superiorly to the globe, joins ECA via some of its branches

A

supraorbital artery

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13
Q

What is an atheromatous plaque complicated lesion?

A

a fibrous plaque that includes fibrous tissue, more collagen, calcium, and cellular debris

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14
Q

What results because velocity and area are inversely proportional, acceleration causes increased energy losses?

A

velocity acceleration

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15
Q

Total fluid energy along a streamline of fluid flow is constant?

A

bernoulli principle

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16
Q

Transient ischemic attack?

A

A fleeting neurological dysfunction, symptoms last less than 24 hours, and usually embolic from heart or carotid artery

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17
Q

Transient symptoms?

A

transient ischemic attack

vertebral basilar insuffficiency

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18
Q

Permanent symptoms: cerebrovascular accident

A

symptoms last more than 24 hours

complete recovery does not occur

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19
Q

A form of arteriosclerosis; localized accumulations of lipid-containing material (atheroma), smooth muscle cells, collagen, fibrin and platelets

A

atheromatous

20
Q

Most commonly caused by dysplasia of media along with overgrowth of collagen, bead-like appearance, and seen often in women?

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

21
Q

Formed within or beneath the intima, causing thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of walls?

A

atherosclerosis

can result in decreased perfusion to brain

22
Q

Fibrous plaque atheromatous plaque?

A

accumulation of lipids, collagen and elastic fibers

23
Q

Large amounts of red blood cells trapped within a fibrin network, clumps of platelets may be evident?

A

thrombus

24
Q

Where is an aneurysm rarely seen?

A

cervical carotid artery

25
Q

Fatty streak atheromatous plaque?

A

thin layer of lipid material on intimal layer

26
Q

Piece of thrombus breaks loose and travels distally until it lodges in a small vessel

A

embolism

27
Q

Common sites for bruit evaluation?

A

carotid and subclavian

28
Q

Atheromatous plaque ulcerative lesion?

A

deterioration of the normally smooth surface of the fibrous cap; may result in distal embolization

29
Q

Highly vascular structure that develops between the ICA and ECA, usually fed by the ECA?

A

carotid body tumor

30
Q

A noise heard as the result of turbulent flow, frequently associated with a hemodynamically significant lesion?

A

bruit

may not be evident with a very tight stenosis

31
Q

A left hemispheric CVA results in neurological deficits where?

A

on the rt side of the body

32
Q

Symptoms frequently seen with ICA lesion?

A

unilateral paresis, unilateral paresthesia, aphasia, amaurosis fugax

33
Q

Intimal thickening from rapid production of smooth muscle cells, a response to vascular injury/reconstruction post carotid endarterectomy?

A

neointimal hyperplasia

significant stenosis may occur 6 to 24 months

34
Q

Weakness or slight paralysis on one side of body?

A

unilateral paresis

35
Q

muscular uncoordination, inability to control gait?

A

ataxia

36
Q

It is recommended to obtain bilateral BP measurements to detect what?

A

prox obstruction, subclavian steal

37
Q

What specific eye symptom is suggestive of ipsilateral ICA disease?

A

amaurosis fugax

38
Q

Symptoms frequently seen with vertebrobasilar lesion?

A

vertigo, ataxia, bilateral visual blurring or double vision, bilateral paresthesia or anesthesia, drop attack

39
Q

Prickling or tingling of the skin?

A

unilateral paresthesia

40
Q

Aphasia?

A

inability to speak

41
Q

amaurosis fugax?

A

temporary, partial or total blindness, usually of one eye

42
Q

Non-localizing symptoms of posterior circulation?

A

dizziness, syncope, severe headache

43
Q

Symptoms frequently seen with MCA lesion?

A

aphasia or dysphasia
more severe facial and arm hemiparesis or hemiplegia
behavioral changes

45
Q

Symptoms frequently seen with ACA lesion?

A

more severe leg hemiparesis or hemiplegia
incontinence
loss of coordination

45
Q

falling to the ground without a loss of consciousness?

A

drop attack

46
Q

Symptoms frequently seen with PCA lesion?

A

dyslexia, coma, paralysis usually does not occur

Vascular Board (21 decks)

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