Venous testing Flashcards
most common findings of DVT?
swelling, pain, redness, warmth
differential diagnoses of DVT?
muscle strain direct injury muscle tear bakers cyst cellulitis lymphangitis heart failure extrinsic compression
Most common findings of chronic DVT?
swelling, heaviness, discoloration, ulcers, varicosities
what does erythema indicate?
inflammatory process, cellulitis
what does brawny (brown) color indicate?
venous stasis usually lower leg to ankle area
what does pallor indicate?
arterial spasms secondary to extensive, acute iliofemoral thrombosis; limb threatening; called phelgmasia alba dolens
what does cyanosis indicate?
severely reduced venous outflow from iliofemoral thrombosis markedly reduces arterial inflow; limb threatening; called phlegmasia cerulea dolens (venous gangrene)
characteristics of venous ulcers?
often near medial malleolus, shallow and irregular
mild pain
venous oozing
stasis changes: inflammation, infection, brawny, presence of varicos
characteristics of arterial ulcers?
- tibial, toes, and bony prominences are common areas
- deep, regular shape, punch-out appearence
- trophic changes: dryness, scaly, atrophy, shiny skin, loss of hair, thickened toenails
- severe pain
- little bleeding
What are the characteristics of pitting edema?
- fluid in subcutaneous tissue
- depression of skin surface with manual pressure
- can be related to CHF, fluid retention, elevated venous pressure
What is lymph edema?
when fluid accumulates after lymph nodes and/or lymph vessels are removed or damaged
frequency seen after many types of cancer surgery
non-pitting edema
What is virchow’s triad made up of?
trauma to the vessel/ endothelial damage
venous stasis
hypercoagulability
Why might surgery be a risk factor for DVt?
may be due to alteration in endothelial cell funciton
What can cause hypercoagulability?
certain protein deficiencies
pregnancy
cancer
hormones (estrogen)
What are the components of Paget-Schroetter syndrome?
- stress/effort thrombosis
- involves axillary or subclavian vein
- venous component of TOS
What are signs of superior vena cava syndrome?
- obstruction by neoplasm
- edema and engorgement of vessels evident
- patient may have cough and/or difficulty breathing
- flow in UE remains the same during inspiration (continuous)
Acute intraluminal thrombi frequently begin where?
at valve cusps or in soleal sinuses secondary to stagnation
Where do thrombi resulting from trauma occur?
at any site
Stretching of walls results in damage to valves and increased venous pressure causes flow changes, this is what?
chronic venous insufficiency
What is post-phlebitic syndrome?
- chronic flow changes result in persistent edema, stasis changes, and pain
- may also lead to ulceration
What are the most definitive diagnostic tools for diagnosing a PE?
CTA chest and pulmonary angiography
Primary varicose veins are what?
dilated veins secondary to valvular incompetence of superficial system
deep system is intact
What are secondary varicose veins?
dilated veins caused by incompetence of the superficial system resulting from deep venous obstruction
deep system is not intact
what are congenital venous diseases
-avalvular veins
-arteriovenous malformations
Klippel-trenaunay: can include multiple varicosities of superficial system and hypoplastic or absent deep veins
