Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
Started on Slide. 27
A
Started on Slide 27
2
Q
Muscle fibers have abundant ___________ (hint: organelle) for ATP production
A
Mitochondria
3
Q
Molecule that bonds and stores oxygen for aerobic respiration in muscle cells
A
Myoglobin
4
Q
Molecule that is stored for when fuel is needed quickly
A
Glycogen
5
Q
Molecule that can quickly give up its phosphate group to help replenish ATP supply
A
Creatinine Phosphate
6
Q
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls
A
Motor Unit
7
Q
_________ motor units allow for precise control of force output
A
Small
8
Q
_________ motor units allow for production of large amount of force
A
Large
9
Q
Location. where motor neuron innervates muscle
A
Neuromuscular Junction
10
Q
The ___________ is the expanded tip of motor neuron axon, that houses synaptic vesicles, and has voltage-gated Ca+ channels in the membrane.
A
Synaptic Knob
11
Q
Synaptic Vesicles are small sacs filled with the neurotransmitter _______________
A
Acetylcholine (ACh)
12
Q
The synaptic knob has _____________-gated Ca+ channels in its membrane.
A
Voltage
13
Q
If the Ca+ channels of the synaptic knob open, Calcium flows _____ the cell, down their concentration gradient
A
INTO
14
Q
The specialized region of sarcolemma w/ numerous folds and many ACh receptors.
A
Motor End plate
15
Q
ACh receptors are opened by the binding of _____________, and allow for entry of Na+ and exit of K+
A
ACh, Acetylcholine
16
Q
ACh receptors are opened by the binding of ACh, and allow for entry of ____ and exit of _____
A
Entry of Sodium (Na+)
Exit of Potassium (K+)
17
Q
The narrow fluid filled space that separates the motor end plat4e and the synaptic knob.
A
Synaptic Cleft
18
Q
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) resides here
A
Synaptic cleft
19
Q
Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh via
A
hydrolysis
20
Q
Muscle Fibers exhibit __________ membrane potential (RMP)
A
Resting
21
Q
RMP of a muscle cell is about ________ mV
A
-90
22
Q
RMP of muscle cells are set by _______ channels and Na+/K+ pumps
A
leak
23
Q
How are skeletal muscles stimulated?
- Neuron excites the muscle fiber
- The nerve signal travels down the axon and opens __________-gated Ca2+ channels
- Ca2+ then diffuses into the synaptic knob
- Ca2+ binds to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles
- Vesicles merge with cell membrane at synaptic knob
- ACh is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis
- ACh diffuses across the cleft, binds the receptors, and excites the muscle fiber
A
Voltage
24
Q
How are skeletal muscles stimulated?
- Neuron excites the muscle fiber
- The nerve signal travels down the axon and opens voltage-gated ____ channels
- _____ then diffuses into the synaptic knob
- _____ binds to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles
- Vesicles merge with cell membrane at synaptic knob
- ACh is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis
- ACh diffuses across the cleft, binds the receptors, and excites the muscle fiber
A
Ca2+
25
**How are skeletal muscles stimulated?**
1. Neuron excites the muscle fiber
2. The nerve signal travels down the axon and opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
3. Ca2+ then diffuses into the synaptic knob
4. Ca2+ binds to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles
5. Vesicles merge with cell membrane at synaptic knob
6. _____ is released into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis
7. _____ diffuses across the cleft, binds the receptors, and excites the muscle fiber
ACh, Acetylcholine
26
**How are skeletal muscles stimulated?**
1. Neuron excites the muscle fiber
2. The nerve signal travels down the axon and opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
3. Ca2+ then diffuses into the synaptic knob
4. Ca2+ binds to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles
5. Vesicles merge with cell membrance at synaptic knob
6. ACh is released into the synaptic cleft via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
7. ACh diffuses across the cleft, binds the receptors, and excites the muscle fiber
Exocytosis
27
An autoimmune disease where antibodies bind to ACh receptors in neuromuscular junctions, and ACh receptors are subsequently removed from muscle fiber. Results in decreased muscle stimulation, rapid fatigue and weakness. Eye and facial muscles are often involved first
Myasthenia Gravis
28
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Coupling: stimulation of the muscle fiber is coupled with the sliding of filaments.
Excitation-Contraction
29
**Excitation-contraction coupling**
1. ACh receptors open after ________ binds to them (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na+ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as *End-plate potential (EPP)*
4. *EPP* leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca2+ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca 2+ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca2+ is present.
ACh
Chemically-gated
30
**Excitation-contraction coupling**
1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for ____ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as *End-plate potential (EPP)*
4. *EPP* leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca2+ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca 2+ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca2+ is present.
Na+
31
**Excitation-contraction coupling**
1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na+ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as *End-plate potential (EPP)*
4. *EPP* leads to the opening of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca2+ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca 2+ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca2+ is present.
Voltage
32
**Excitation-contraction coupling**
1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na+ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as *End-plate potential (EPP)*
4. *EPP* leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-gated _______ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca2+ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca 2+ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca2+ is present.
Voltage-Gated
Ca2+ channels
33
**Excitation-contraction coupling**
1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na+ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as *End-plate potential (EPP)*
4. *EPP* leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca2+ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca2+ binds to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
9. Calcium-bound \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca2+ is present.
Troponin
34
**Excitation-contraction coupling**
1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na+ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as *End-plate potential (EPP)*
4. *EPP* leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca2+ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca 2+ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes __________ to move such that the myosin binding site on Actin is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca2+ is present.
Tropomyosin
35
**Excitation-contraction coupling**
1. ACh receptors open after ACh binds to them (Chemically-gated)
2. Open ACh receptors allow for Na+ to diffuse rapidly into the cell
3. Cell membrane briefly becomes less negative at the end-plate region, the threshold is reached (-65 mV). Known as *End-plate potential (EPP)*
4. *EPP* leads to the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and generation of action potentials in the adjacent region of the sarcolemma
5. Action potentials propagate along the sarcolemma and T-tubules
6. Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
7. Ca2+ diffuses out of terminal cisternae and into sarcoplasm
8. Ca 2+ binds to troponin
9. Calcium-bound troponin, causes tropomyosin to move such that the myosin binding site on _______ is exposed.
10. Cross-bridge cycling occurs, as long as Ca2+ is present.
Actin
