Ch. 3: Energy, Rxns, And Cell Respiration

Question 1

The capacity to do work.

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

Energy of motion.

Answer 2

Kinetic Energy

Question 3

Energy of position or stored energy

Answer 3

Potential energy

Question 4

What is the most important form of energy in the body? It is released when bonds are broken during rxns.

Answer 4

Chemical energy

Question 5

___________ Energy: Movement of charged particles

Answer 5

Electrical

Question 6

__________ energy: objects in motion due to applied force

Answer 6

Mechanical

Question 7

_________ energy: Molecule compression caused by a vibrating object.

Answer 7

Sound

Question 8

_________ energy: Energy of electromagnetic waves

Answer 8

Radiant

Question 9

The Kinetic energy of random motion produces….

Answer 9

Heat

Question 10

Term that describes all biochemical reactions in a living organism.

Answer 10

Metabolism

Question 11

Catabolic Reaction (Decomposition)

Answer 11

Reaction where an initial large molecule is broken down into smaller structures.

Question 12

Anabolic Reaction (Synthesis)

Answer 12

Reaction where two or more molecules are combined to form a larger molecule.

Question 13

Type of reaction with both decomposition and synthesis reactions where groups are exchanged between two chemical structures.

Answer 13

Exchange reaction

Question 14

Redox reactions: where _________ are moved from one chemical structure to another.

Answer 14

Electrons

Question 15

Oxidation is ____________ an electron.

Answer 15

Losing

Question 16

Reduction is __________ an electron

Answer 16

Gaining

Question 17

Oxidation and reduction reactions always occur…

Answer 17

Together

Question 18

In an example of a redox reaction… NAD+ is ___________ to form NADH

Answer 18

Reduced

Question 19

Exergonic Reaction: When reactants have ________ potential energy within their chemical bonds than the products.

Answer 19

More.

Question 20

In exergonic reactions, energy is __________

Answer 20

Released

Question 21

Endergonic Reaction: reactants have _________ potential energy within their chemical bonds than products.

Answer 21

Less

Question 22

In an endergonic reaction, energy is __________

Answer 22

Supplied.

Question 23

What is the energy currency of the cell?

Answer 23

ATP

Question 24

A reversible reactions will remain in _________ if left undisturbed.

Answer 24

Equilibrium

Question 25

Where do reactants attach to enzymes?

Answer 25

At the active site

Question 26

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hypothesis: Enzymes change shape to accommodate the shape of specific reactants.

Answer 26

Induced fit

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : combine with active site and activate enzymes

Answer 27

Cofactors

Question 28

Organic cofactors

Answer 28

Coenzymes

Question 29

The energy required to break existing chemical bonds in an enzyme rxn.

Answer 29

Activation energy

Question 30

Enzymes ___________ the activation energy of cellular rxns

Answer 30

Decrease

Question 31

The law of _______________ says… increasing the amount of reactants will increase the rxn rate in the forward direction. And increasing the amount of products will increase the reaction rate in the reverse direction.

Answer 31

Mass action

Question 32

What conditions influence the reaction rates of enzymes?

Answer 32

pH and Temp.

Question 33

Addition of a phosphate group is performed by…

Answer 33

Protein Kinases

Question 34

Removal of a phosphate group is performed by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 34

Phosphatases.

Question 35

Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation can activate and inactivate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

Enzymes.

Question 36

Cellular respiration is an exergonic or endergonic reaction?

Answer 36

Exergonic

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is required for cellular respiration

Answer 37

Oxygen

Question 38

Glucose ___________ step-by-step breakdown of glucose with energy release.

Answer 38

Oxidation

Question 39

Products of glucose oxidation include carbon dioxide and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 39

Water

Question 40

Products of glucose oxidation include _____________ and water.

Answer 40

Carbon dioxide

Question 41

Substrate level ___________ - A phosphate group is directly transferred from a metabolic intermediate ADP to form ATP

Answer 41

phosphorylation

Question 42

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ phosphorylation - Indirect process where energy transfer to co-enzyme first *then* transferred to form ATP.

Answer 42

Oxidative

Question 43

Most ATP is formed through which type of phosphorylation?

Answer 43

Oxidative

Question 44

Oxidative phosphorylation requires the electron _________ system and oxygen

Answer 44

transport

Question 45

**4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation** 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Intermediate stage 3. Citric Acid Cycle 4. Electron Transport System

Answer 45

Glycolysis

Question 46

**4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation** 1. Glycolysis 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. Citric Acid Cycle 4. Electron Transport System

Answer 46

Intermediate stage

Question 47

**4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation** 1. Glycolysis 2. Intermediate stage 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. Electron Transport System

Answer 47

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 48

**4 Stages of Glucose Oxidation** 1. Glycolysis 2. Intermediate stage 3. Citric Acid Cycle 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 48

Electron Transport Chain

Question 49

Glycolysis occurs in what part of the cell?

Answer 49

Cytoplasm

Question 50

Glycolysis does not require what molecule?

Answer 50

Oxygen

Question 51

The intermediate stage of glucose oxidation occurs in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 51

Mitochondria

Question 52

The Citric Acid Cycle occurs where in the cell?

Answer 52

Mitochondria

Question 53

The electron transport chain occurs where in the cell?

Answer 53

Mitochondria

Question 54

In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two ___________ molecules.

Answer 54

Pyruvate

Question 55

Anaerobic phase of cellular respiration

Answer 55

Glycolysis

Question 56

**3 Main Events of Glycolysis** 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_of glucose (Energy Investment) 2. Splitting of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate 3. Net production of 2 NADH and 2 ATP (Energy Payoff)

Answer 56

Phosphorylation

Question 57

**3 Main Events of Glycolysis** 1. Phosphorylation of glucose (Energy Investment) 2. Splitting of glucose into \_\_\_\_(#) molecules of pyruvate 3. Net production of 2 NADH and 2 ATP (Energy Payoff)

Answer 57

Two

Question 58

**3 Main Events of Glycolysis** 1. Phosphorylation of glucose (Energy Investment) 2. Splitting of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate 3. Net production of ___ (#) NADH and __ (#) ATP (Energy Payoff)

Answer 58

2 NADH and 2 ATP

Question 59

**Intermediate Stage of Glucose Oxidation** If oxygen is available, 2 pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to 2 _________ molecules

Answer 59

acetyl CoA

Question 60

**Intermediate Stage of Glucose Oxidation** **Products Generated** acetyl coA. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, NADH

Answer 60

CO₂

Question 61

**Citric Acid Cycle** Acetyl CoA combines with __________ to form citric acid (citrate)

Answer 61

Oxaloacetate (OAA)

Question 62

**Citric Acid Cycle** \_\_\_\_\_ (#) turns of cycle per glucose molecule

Answer 62

Two

Question 63

NAD⁺ is _______ to form NADH

Answer 63

Reduced

Question 64

FAD is __________ to form FADH₂

Answer 64

Reduced

Question 65

**Electron Transport Chain** NADH and FADH₂ release ____ and energy to make ATP

Answer 65

electrons

Question 66

Electron transport chain is a series of ____ pumps and electron carriers.

Answer 66

hydrogen (H+)

Question 67

ATP _________ allows for passage of H+ during ETC

Answer 67

Synthase