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Med Term > Ch. 12-Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch. 12-Urinary System Flashcards

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0
Q

3 other names for urinary system

A

Excretory system, genitourinary system (GU), urogenital system (UG)

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1
Q

Urinary system is composed of:

A

Two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, one urethra

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2
Q

Function of the urinary system

A

Produces, stores, and eliminates urine

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3
Q

Kidneys

A

Produce urine and help regulate and control body fluids

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4
Q

Ureters

A

Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the walls consist of an inner mucous membrane, a middle smooth muscle, and outer fibrous tissue

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5
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Serves as a reservoir for urine and consists of the neck (continuous with urethra) and the apex (connected with umbilicus)

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6
Q

Urethra

A

Passageway of urine to the outside of the body; male’s conveys urine and semen

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7
Q

Kidney location

A

Behind abdominal cavity on either side of T12 and lumbar region

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8
Q

3 Capsules that protect the kidney

A

True capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia

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9
Q

True capsule

A

Innermost kidney capsule, smooth fibrous connective membrane

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10
Q

Perirenal fat

A

Middle kidney capsule, made of adipose

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11
Q

Renal fascia

A

Outermost capsule, anchors kidney to surrounding structure

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12
Q

Hilum

A

Notch in concave border of kidney

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13
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Saclike collecting portion of kidney, located in the concave border

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14
Q

Cortex of kidney

A

Outer layer, consists of arteries, veins, convicted tubules, and glomerular capsules

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15
Q

Medulla of kidney

A

Inner portion, consists of renal pyramids

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16
Q

Renal pyramids

A

Cone like masses with papillae projecting into calices of pelvis

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17
Q

Nephrons

A

Structural and functional unit of kidneys where urine production begins
Regulates, controls, and removes waste products of metabolism from blood plasma and regulates reabsorption of water

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18
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Inside a nephron, consists of a glomerulus surrounded by the Bowman capsule

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19
Q

Tubule

A

Extends from each bowman capsule in the nephrons and consists of proximal and distal convoluted portions and the loop of Henle

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20
Q

Trigone

A

Small triangular area near the base of the bladder

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21
Q

Four Layers of Bladder Wall

A

Inner layer of epithelium
Coat of smooth muscle
Outer layer of longitudinal muscle
Fibrous layer

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22
Q

Urinary meatus

A

External urinary opening of urethra

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23
Q

Male urethra

A

20 cm long and conveys urine and semen, divided into prostatic, membranous, and penile sections

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24
Female urethra
3 cm long, only conveys urine, urinary meatus is between clitoris and vaginal opening
25
How is urine formed?
Process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron
26
Components of urine
95% water and 5% solid substances
27
When does an adult usually feel the need to void bladder?
When it contains 300-350 mL of urine
28
How much urine is voided daily?
1000-1500 mL
29
Normal urine is:
Clear, or yellow to amber in color, faintly aromatic and slightly acidic
30
Older adults have what urinary system changes?
Muscle tone loss in ureters, bladder, and urethra; reduced bladder capacity by half; frequent bathroom trips; and urge incontinence
31
Urinalysis
UA | Lab test that evaluates the different properties of urine, fresh specimen is more accurate
32
Cystitis
Inflammation of bladder that usually occurs secondary to UTI, frequently affects sexually active women but can also affect young girls and older adults cyst bladder -itis inflammation
33
Interstitial cystitis
IC | Painful inflammation of the bladder wall, affects mostly women. Unknown cause and doesn't respond well to antibiotics
34
Blood urea nitrogen
BUN | Blood test, determines amt of urea excreted by kidneys
35
Creatinine
Blood test, determines amt of creatinine
36
Creatinine clearance
Urine test, determines glomerular filtration rate
37
Culture, urine
Urine test, determines presence of micro organisms
38
Cystoscopy
cysto | Visual examination of bladder and urethra with cystoscope
39
Intravenous pyelography
pyelogram IVP Radiopaque substance is injected and X-ray taken of kidneys, ureters, and bladder
40
Kidney, ureter, bladder
KUB | X-ray taken of abdomen to indicate size and position of these
41
Renal biopsy
Removal of tissue from kidney for examination
42
Retrograde pyelography
RP | X-ray of kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injection of contrast medium backward through a catheter
43
Ultrasonography, kidneys
High frequency sound waves to visualize kidneys
44
albumin/o
Protein
45
bacteri/o
Bacteria
46
calc/I
Calcium
47
corpore/o
Body
48
cutane/o
Skin
49
cyst/o
Bladder
50
excret/o
Sifted out
51
glomerul/o
Glomerulus, little ball
52
glycos/o
Glucose, sugar
53
hem/o
Blood
54
hemat/o
Blood
55
keton/o
Ketone
56
lith/o
Stone
57
meat/o
Passage
58
micturit/o
To urinate
59
nephr/o
Kidney
60
noct/o
Night
61
perine/o
Perineum
62
peritone/o
Peritoneum
63
py/o
Pus
64
pyel/o
Renal pelvis
65
ren/o
Kidney
66
scler/o
Hardening
67
son/o
Sound
68
ur/o
Urine, urinate, urination
69
ureter/o
Ureter
70
urethr/o
Urethra
71
urin/o
Urine
72
Anuria
Lack of urine production an- without -uria urine
73
Calculus
Pebble; any abnormal stone, plural: calculi
74
Catheter
Tube of elastic, elastic web, rubber, plastic that is inserted into a body cavity to remove or inject fluid
75
Diuresis
Increased or excessive flow of urine, occurring in conditions such as diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, and acute renal failure di(a)- complete, through ur/o urinate -esis condition
76
Dysuria
Difficult or painful urination dys- difficult, painful -uria urine
77
Enuresis
Condition of involuntary emission of urine; bedwetting en- within ur/o urinate -esis condition
78
Glomerulitis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli glomerul glomerulus, little ball -itis inflammation
79
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of kidney involving primarily glomeruli. Acute (AGN), chronic (CGN), and subacute glomerul/o glomerulus, little ball nephr/o kidney -itis inflammation
80
Hydronephrosis
Urine collects in renal pelvis because of obstructed outflow, damages kidney hydro- water nephr/o kidney -osis condition
81
Incontinence
Inability to hold or control urination or defecation in- not continence to hold
82
Micturition
Process of urination micturit/o to urinate -ion process
83
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones, usually deposits of mineral salts (calculi) in kidney. Usually called by hypercalciuria. Can irritate kidney and ureter tissue and block flow nephr/o kidney lith/o stone, calculus -iasis condition
84
Nephrology
Study of kidney function as well as diagnosis and treatment of diseases nephr/o kidney -logy study of
85
Renal
Pertaining to the kidney ren/o kidney -al pertaining to
86
Urea
Chief nitrogenous constituent of urine
87
Uremia
Excess urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products accumulated in blood, aka azotemia. Currently refers to syndrome with end stage renal failure
88
Urologist
Physician who specializes in study of urinary system ur/o urination log/o study of -ist one who specializes

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