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Med Term > Ch. 9-Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Ch. 9-Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(148 cards)

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0
Q

How many times does the heart beat each day?

A

100,000; 8,000 liters of blood

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1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do?

A

Circulates blood by action of the heart, provides cells with oxygen and nutritive elements and removes waste and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

Where does blood flow?

A

Through the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart and out of the body

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3
Q

Heart

A

Center of cardiovascular system where vessels originate and return, weighs 300g, circulates blood through lungs and body

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4
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Lung circulation

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5
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Circulation through the rest of the body

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6
Q

3 Layers if the Heart

A

Endocardium, myocardium, pericardium

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7
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

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8
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular middle layer of heart

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9
Q

Pericardium

A

Outer membranous sac surrounding the heart

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10
Q

Arteries

A

Branching systems of vessels that transport blood from the right and left ventricles to all body parts
They always have a pulse

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11
Q

Veins

A

Transport blood from tissues back to the heart

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

Microscopic blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules
-passage of life sustaining fluids containing oxygen and nutrients

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13
Q

Blood

A

Consists of formed elements (erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes) and plasma
-delivers necessary substances to cells and transports waste

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14
Q

Septum

A

Divides heart into sections called the right and left heart

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15
Q

Atria

A

Two upper chambers, separated by interatrial septum, designated as right or left depending on which side of the septum they are on. They receive blood from the body

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16
Q

Ventricles

A

Two lower chambers, separated by interventricular septum, designated as right or left depending on which side of the septum they are on. Pump blood out to body

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17
Q

Right atrium

A

RA
Receives blood from body. Superior and inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood here, fills atrium, then passes through tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

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18
Q

Right ventricle

A

RV
Receives blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve, contracts to force blood through pulmonary valve into left and right pulmonary arteries, which then carry it to the lungs where it is oxygenated

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19
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Only artery that carries oxygen-deficient blood

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20
Q

Left atrium

A

LA
Receives blood from left and right pulmonary veins from lungs, fills atrium and creates pressure that forces oxygenated blood through the mitral (bicuspid) valve and into left ventricle

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21
Q

Left ventricle

A

LV
Receives blood from left atrium through mitral valve, contracts when filled, closing the mitral valve and opening the aortic valve. The blood is pumped from the aorta all over the body through arteries and capillaries

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22
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right atrioventricular valve

Guards opening between right atrium and right ventricle

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23
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Semilunar valve

Guards opening between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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24
Mitral valve
Bicuspid valve Left atrioventricular valve Between left atrium and left ventricle
25
Aortic valve
Semilunar valve | Between left ventricle and aorta
26
Coronary arteries
Part of hearts own vascular system that delivers oxygen rich blood to the heart
27
Cardiac veins
Part of hearts own vascular system that collects oxygen poor blood and returns it to the right atrium
28
Heartbeat
Controlled by autonomic nervous system and generated by specialized neuromuscular tissue that causes cardiac muscle to contract
29
3 Things in Heart's Specialized Neuromuscular Tissue
Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and atrioventricular bundle
30
Sinoatrial node
SA node Located in right atrium below superior vena cava, pacemaker of the heart, network of Purkinje fibers that discharge electrical impulses
31
Purkinje fibers
Atypical muscle fibers
32
Atrioventricular node
AV node | Beneath endocardium of right atrium and transmits electrical impulses to the bundle of His
33
Atrioventricular bundle
bundle of His Collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmits impulses from the AV node to Purkinje fibers, which distribute it to ventricular muscle
34
Average adult heartbeat?
60-90 bpm
35
What affects the rate of heartbeat?
Emotion, smoking, disease, body size, age, stress, environment, and many others
36
Electrocardiogram
ECG, EKG | Records heart's electrical activity
37
3 Commonly Used Sites for Taking Pulse
Radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery
38
Auscultation
Taking pulse with stethoscope and counting for one minute
39
Apical pulse
Taking pulse right over the heart as with a stethoscope
40
Temporal artery
Temple area of head, used to control bleeding from the head and to monitor circulation
41
Carotid artery
Neck, easiest to access in an emergency
42
Brachial artery
Antecubical space of elbow, common for blood pressure
43
Radial artery
Thumb side of wrist, most common for pulse
44
Femoral artery
Groin area, used to monitor circulation
45
Popliteal artery
Behind the knee, used to monitor circulation
46
Dorsalis pedis artery
On dorsal surface of foot (top), used to assess for peripheral artery disease (PAD)
47
Blood pressure
BP Pressure exerted by blood on artery walls, consists of systolic and diastolic number and measured by sphygmomanometer Needs to be below (120/80)
48
Systolic number
Numerator and higher number, pressure while heart contracts
49
Diastolic number
Denominator and lower number, pressure while heart relaxes between beats
50
Pulse pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic readings and indicates tone of arterial walls. Should not be over 50 or under 30
51
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries
52
Atherosclerosis
Fatty plaques in arterial walls
53
Cardiovascular disease can accelerate due to
Reduced blood flow Elevated blood lipids Detective endothelial repair
54
Heart failure
One of the most common types of cardiovascular disease in older adults
55
Congestive heart failure
CHF Left sided failure Symptoms are pulmonary edema, dyspnea, shortness of breath
56
Right ventricular heart failure
Right sided failure Usually occurs as a result of CHF Symptoms are liver enlargement, distention of neck veins, edema in ankles
57
Stent
Steel cage like object is placed over a balloon catheter and inserted into the blockage, expanded, and removed so that the stent stays in place
58
Digitalis drugs
Strengthen heart muscle, increase force of systolic contraction, slow heart rate, and decrease conduction through the atrioventricular node
59
Antiarrhythmic agents
Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias(irregular heartbeats)
60
Vasopressors
Cause contraction of muscles associated with capillaries and arteries, narrowing the space through which blood circulates and raising blood pressure
61
Vasodilators
Cause relaxation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure
62
antihypertensive agents
Used in treatment of hypertension
63
Antihyperlipidemic agents
Lower abnormally high levels of fatty substances when other treatments fail
64
Antiplatelet drugs
Reduce occurrence of and death from events such as heart attacks and strokes. Aspirin is main drug and is recommended by AHA for people with CV diseases because it prevents clots
65
Anticoagulants
Prevents blood clots | "Blood thinners"
66
Thrombolytic agents
Dissolve an existing clot when given within 6 hours of occurrence Reduces chance of death by 50%
67
Angiography
X-ray recording of a blood vessel after injection of a radiopaque substance
68
Cardiac catheterization
CC | Medical procedure used to diagnose heart disorders
69
Cardiac enzymes
Blood tests performed to determine cardiac damage in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
70
Cardiac muscle troponins
Blood tests performed to determine heart muscle injury (microinfarction) not detected by cardiac enzyme tests
71
Cholesterol
chol Blood test to determine level of cholesterol in serum Greater than 200 mg/dL is bad
72
Echocardiography
ECHO | Used to analyze size, shape, and movement of structures in the heart
73
Holter monitor
Portable medical device attached to the patient that records a continuous EKG for 24 hours
74
Intracardiac electrophysiology study
EPS Invasive cardiac procedure that involves placement of catheter-guided electrodes inside the heart to evaluate and map electrical conduction of arrhythmias
75
Lactic dehydrogenase
LD or LDH Intracellular enzyme that can be detected when it leaks into the bloodstream and ia a good indicator of acute myocardial infarction
76
Lipid profile
Series of blood tears including chol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides
77
Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI Uses a magnet that sets nuclei of atoms in heart cells vibrating, they emit signals that are converted by a computer into 3-D images
78
Stress test
Screening test evaluating cardiovascular fitness, EKG is monitored while patient is subjected to exercise, helps doctors assess blood flow
79
Thallium-201 stress test
X-ray study that follows path of radioactive thallium carried by the blood into the heart muscle
80
Triglycerides
Blood test to determine level of triglycerides in the serum
81
Ultrafast CT scan
Can take multiple images of the heart within a single heartbeat
82
Ultrasonography
Test used to visualize an organ or tissue by using high frequency sound waves
83
Aneurysm
Abnormal widening of ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the artery wall
84
Angioplasty
Surgical repair of a blood vessel or nonsurgical technique for treating diseased arteries by temporarily inflating a tiny balloon inside an artery angi/o vessel -plasty surgical repair
85
Arrhythmia
Irregularity or loss of rhythm of heartbeat, also called dysrhythmia a- lack of rrhythm rhythm -ia condition
86
Automated external defibrillator
Portable automatic device used to restore normal heart rhythm to patients in cardiac arrest; automatically tells rescuer when to administer shock
87
Cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle that leads to deterioration of the muscle and pumping ability cardi/o heart my/o muscle -pathy disease
88
Defibrillator
Medical device used to restore normal heart rhythm by delivering electric shock
89
Diastole
Relaxation phase of the heart cycle during which the heart muscle relaxers and heart chambers fill with blood
90
Dysrhythmia
Abnormality of the rhythm or rate of heartbeat, can be divided into bradycardias(slow) or tachycardias(fast) dys- difficult rhythm rhythm -ia condition
91
Fibrillation
Quivering or spontaneous contraction of individual muscle fibers, an abnormal bioelectric potential occurring in neuropathies and myopathies fibrillat fibrils(small fibers) -ion process
92
Infarction
``` Process of developing an infarct, which is death of tissue from obstructed blood flow infarct infarct(necrosis of an area) -ion process ```
93
Lipoprotein
Lipid and protein molecules bound together classified as VLDL, LDL, and HDL
94
Murmur
Abnormal sound ranging from soft and blowing to loud and booming heard on auscultation of heart and adjacent large vessels
95
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PTCA | Use of a balloon catheter to compress plaques against an artery wall
96
Pericardiocentesis
Surgical procedure to remove fluid from the pericardial sac for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes peri- around cardi/o heart -centesis surgical puncture
97
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium peri- around cardi/o heart -itis inflammation
98
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein phleb/o vein -itis inflammation
99
Tachycardia
Rapid heartbeat over 100 bpm tachy- rapid cardi/o heart -ia condition
100
Thrombosis
A blood clot within the vascular system thromb/o clot of blood -osis condition
101
Triglyceride
``` Pertaining to an organic compound consisting of 3 molecules of fatty acids tri- three glyc sweet, sugar -er relating to -ide having a particular quality ```
102
angi/o
Vessel
103
angin/o
To choke
104
arteri/o
Artery
105
ather/o
Fatty substance
106
atri/o
Atrium
107
auscultat/o
To listen to
108
cardi/o
Heart
109
chol/e
Bile
110
circulat/o
Circular
111
claudicat/o
To limp
112
corpor/o
Body
113
cyan/o
Dark blue
114
dilatat/o
To widen
115
dynam/o
Power
116
ech/o
Reflected sound
117
electr/o
Electricity
118
embol/o
A throwing in
119
glyc/o
Sweet, sugar
120
hem/o
Blood
121
infarct/o
Infarct (necrosis of an area)
122
isch/o
To hold back
123
lipid/o
Fat
124
lun/o
Moon
125
man/o
Thin
126
mitr/o
Mitral valve
127
my/o
Muscle
128
occlus/o
To close up
129
oxy
Sour, sharp, acid
130
palpit/o
Throbbing
131
pector/o
Chest
132
phleb/o
Vein
133
pulmon/o
Lung
134
rrhythm/o
Rhythm
135
scler/o
Hardening
136
sept/o
Partition
137
sin/o
Curve
138
sphygm/o
Pulse
139
sten/o
Narrowing
140
steth/o
Chest
141
thromb/o
Clot of blood
142
valvul/o
Valve
143
vas/o
Vessel
144
vascul/o
Small vessel
145
ven/o
Vein
146
ventricul/o
Ventricle
147
vers/o
Turning

Med Term (15 decks)

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