Ch. 7-Muscular System Flashcards
(115 cards)
0
Q
Muscles
A
Provide mechanism for body movement, help maintain posture, and produce heat
1
Q
The Muscular System is composed of
A
All the muscles in the body
2
Q
3 Movements Muscles Perform
A
Locomotion, propulsion, and changes in size of openings
3
Q
Tonicity
A
Process of maintaining posture and stability
4
Q
How much body weight do muscles make up?
A
42%
5
Q
Muscles are made of:
A
Groups of fibers held together by connective tissue, and those bundles make up the whole muscle which is enclosed in fascia
6
Q
Every muscle fiber has:
A
Own nerve impulses and glycogen storage for its energy
7
Q
How does the muscle get its supply of glycogen and oxygen?
A
Blood and lymphatic vessels permeate muscle tissues and provide them
8
Q
Skeletal muscles
A
Voluntary, locomotion movement
9
Q
Four Major Functions of Skeletal Muscle
A
Contractility, extensibility, excitability, elasticity
10
Q
Contractility
A
Muscle is shorter and thicker; contracting the muscle
11
Q
Extensibility
A
Stretched and extended
12
Q
Excitability
A
Receive and respond to stimulation
13
Q
Elasticity
A
Returns to original shape after extending
14
Q
3 Distinguishable Muscle Parts
A
- body (main portion)
- origin (fixed attachment to stationery bone)
- insertion (point of attachment to moving bone)
15
Q
Tendin
A
Attaches muscle to bone
16
Q
Ligament
A
Attaches bone to bone
17
Q
Sprain
A
Damages ligament
18
Q
Strain
A
An overworked muscle
19
Q
3 Skeletal Muscle Groups
A
Antagonist, prime mover/agonist, synergist
20
Q
Antagonist
A
Counteracts another muscle
21
Q
Prime mover/agonist
A
This muscle produces the movement
22
Q
Synergist
A
Acts with another muscle
23
Q
Smooth muscle
A
Involuntary, internal organs such as the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract, and certain eye and skin muscles. Propulsion movement
24
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary contraction of myocardium controlled by neuromuscular tissue
25
Diaphragm
Involuntary skeletal muscle
26
Sternocleidomastoid function
Rotates and laterally flexes neck
27
Trapezius function
Draws head to side and rotates scapula
28
Deltoid function
Raises and rotates arm
29
Rectus femoris function
Extends leg and flexes thigh
30
Sartorius function
Flexes and rotates thigh and leg
31
Tibialis anterior function
Dorsiflexes foot
32
Pectoralis major function
Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm
33
Biceps brachii function
Flexes arm and supinates forearm
34
External oblique function
Contracts abdomen and viscera
35
Rectus abdominis function
Compresses abdomen
36
Gastrocnemius function
Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee
37
Soleus function
Plantar flexes foot
38
Triceps function
Extends forearm
39
Latissimus Dorsi function
"Swimmers muscle" extends and rotates arm
40
Gluteus maximus function
Extends and rotates thigh
41
Gluteus medius function
Abducts and rotates thigh
42
Biceps femoris function
Flexes knee and rotates outward
43
Semitendinosus function
Flexes and rotates leg; extends thigh
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Semimembranosus function
Flexes and rotates leg; extends thigh
45
Achilles' tendon function
Plantar flexion and extension of ankle
46
Aponeurosis
Wide, thin, sheet like tendon in abdominal, dorsal, and palmar regions
47
Myocardium
Inner, muscular layer of heart
48
Pacemaker cells
Allow contraction without nervous system input
49
Most common cause of amputation:
Poor circulation
50
Syme's amputation
Amputation of any part of the foot
51
Muscular atrophy
Disuse of muscles over an extended period of time, they weaken and lose mass
52
Common causes of muscular atrophy
Muscular dystrophy, ALS, having a cast, any immobilization
53
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of arm, leg, or trunk on one side of the body. Common cause-stroke
54
Paraplegia
Paralysis of lower limbs and trunk. Common cause-spinal cord injury or spina bifida
55
Quadriplegia
Total or partial loss of function in all limbs. Common cause-cervical spine damage
56
Muscular dystrophy
Progressive degenerative muscular disease of which there is no cure, only symptom management. Duchenne's is the most severe
57
Fibromyalgia
Pain and tenderness in certain areas of the body, treated by muscle relaxers and sometimes narcotics
58
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Aka muscle relaxers
Have a sedative effect, depress the central nervous system, and are used to treat sprains, strains, spasms, trauma, and disease
59
Anti inflammatory agents and analgesics
```
Either steroidal (prednisone) or non steroidal (ibuprofen, etc)
Either narcotic or non narcotic
```
60
Creatine Kinase Test
Blood test to determine the levels of CK, used to diagnose muscular dystrophy
61
Electromyography
EMG
Electrodes attached to a needle inserted into the muscle measure electrical activity of the muscles, and can diagnose ALS, muscular dystrophy, or other muscle disorders
62
Muscle biopsy
Removal of a piece of muscle tissue for examination and diagnosis. Needle biopsy or open biopsy
63
Bradykinesia
Slowness of motion or movement
brady- slow
-kinesia motion
64
Dystonia
Condition of impaired muscle tone
dys- difficult
ton tone, tension
-ia condition
65
Dystrophin
Protein found in muscle cells that when deficient causes muscle wasting
dys- difficult
troph nourishment, development
-in chemical
66
Exercise
Performed activity of the muscles for health improvement or deformity correction
67
Active exercise
Muscular contraction and relaxation by patient
68
Assistive exercise
Muscular contraction and relaxation with the assistance of a therapist
69
Isometric exercise
Active muscular contraction performed against stable resistance, thereby not shortening muscle length. Combats atrophy
70
Passive exercise
Exercise performed by another individual without patient assistance
71
Range of motion exercise
ROM
Movement of each joint through its full range of motion (FROM); prevents loss of mobility or to regain usage after injury
72
Relief of tension exercise
Technique to promote relaxation of muscles and provide tension relief
73
Fascia
Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs
fasc a band
-ia condition
74
RICE
Treatment for strains or sprains that involves Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation
75
Myalgia
Pain in the muscle
my muscle
-algia pain
76
Myograph
Instrument used to record muscular contractions
my/o muscle
-graph Instrument for recording
77
Myokinesis
Muscular motion or activity
my/o muscle
-kinesis motion
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Myology
Study of muscles
my/o muscles
-ology study of
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Myopathy
Muscle disease
my/o muscle
-pathy disease
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Myoplasty
Surgical repair of a muscle
my/o muscle
-plasty surgical repair
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Myosclerosis
Hardening of muscle
my/o muscle
-sclerosis hardening
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Neuromuscular
Pertaining to both nerves and muscles
neur/o nerve
muscul muscle
-ar pertaining to
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Rigor mortis
Stiffness of skeletal muscles seen in death; develops between 4th and 24th hour after death then ceases
84
Rotator cuff
Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.
- teres minor
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
85
agon/o
Agony, a contest
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amputat/o
To cut through
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brach/i
Arm
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cleid/o
Clavicle
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clon/o
Turmoil
90
duct/o
To lead
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dactyl/o
Finger or toe
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dermat/o
Skin
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fasci/o
A band
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fibr/o
Fiber
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is/o
Equal
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metr/o
To measure
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muscul/o
Muscle
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my/o
Muscle
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neur/o
Nerve
100
path/o
Disease
101
prosth/e
An addition
102
rhabd/o
Rod
103
rotat/o
To turn
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sarc/o
Flesh
105
scler/o
Hardening
106
stern/o
Sternum
107
synov/o
Synovial
108
ten/o
Tendon
109
therm/o
Hot, heat
110
ton/o
Tone, tension
111
tors/o
Twisted
112
tort/i
Twisted
113
troph/o
Nourishment, development
114
volunt/o
Will
