Ch. 14-Nervous System Flashcards

Question

narc/o

Answer 1

Numbness, sleep, stupor

Answer 2

Globus pallidus

Answer 3

A thorn, spine

Answer 4

Vagus, wandering

Answer 5

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Answer 6

Includes brain and spinal cord and is enclosed by bones of the skull and spinal cord Receives impulses, processes them, and responds with action

Answer 7

Nerves and neural tissues branching throughout the body from 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves Links CNS with other parts of body

Answer 8

Nerve cells, functional units of nervous system that act as specialized conductors of impulses, allow body to interact with environment

Answer 9

Act as supporting tissue to neurons

Answer 10

Conduct impulses from one location to another

Answer 11

Governs sensory perception, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements

Answer 12

Conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses to body parts, and serves as reflex center for impulses entering and leaving spinal cord

Answer 13

Provide sensory input and motor control or combo of these | 12 pairs

Answer 14

Carry impulses to spinal cord and to muscles, organs, and glands 31 pairs

Answer 15

Controls involuntary functions and stimulates adrenal gland to release epinephrine, causes adrenaline rush Sympathetic(fight or flight) and parasympathetic division(rest and digest)

Answer 16

Motor, sensory, and interneurons

Answer 17

Cause muscle movement and gland secretion, thereby controlling most of body's functions Axon and dendrites extending away in several directions, and the axon can be as long as several feet

Answer 18

Long and covered with myelin sheath, which increases transmission speed of nerve fiber, and can be several feet long

Answer 19

Resemble tree branches and are short and unsheathed, transmit impulses to cell body Receive impulses from another axon

Answer 20

Don't really have true dendrites, but have a peripheral that resembles an axon and transmits impulses to CNS

Answer 21

Sensory neurons, they carry impulses from sensory receptors into the CNS

Answer 22

Central or associative neurons Located entirely in CNS Mediate impulses between sensory and motor neurons

Answer 23

In PNS they have myelin sheath and outer layer of neurolemma made of Schwann cells In CNS they don't have Schwann cells Damage to CNS fibers are permanent, but damage to PNS fibers is reversible

Answer 24

Collection of nerve fibers outside CNS | Afferent (sensory, into) and efferent (motor, exit)

Answer 25

Motor nerves that conduct away from CNS to muscles, organs, and glands

Answer 26

Groups of fibers in CNS that have same origin, function, and termination - Spinal cord has afferent sensory tracts (ascending) and efferent motor tracts (descending) - brain has numerous tracts, largest being corpus callosum

Answer 27

Specialized to specific types of stimulation, and react by initiating s chemic change or impulse

Answer 28

No nerve impulse occurs until the stimulus reaches a set minimum strength (threshold), then a maximum impulse is produced

Answer 29

Via synapse at end of an axon across a synaptic cleft to another neurons dendrites Neurotransmitters take impulse across cleft

Answer 30

Unsheathed cell bodies and true dendrites, part of brain and spinal cord

Answer 31

Myelinated nerve fibers, part of brain and spinal cord

Answer 32

H-shaped core of gray cell bodies surrounded by tracts of fibers connected to the brain

Answer 33

Surface (cortex) is grey matter, most of internal structure is white matter

Answer 34

Evaluates and controls all sensory and motor activity, emotions, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements

Answer 35

Integrates sensory perception and motor output, and participates in attention and processing of language, music, and other sensory stimuli Located at back of skull

Answer 36

Second portion of the brain and refers to thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 37

Relay center for all senses except smell being transmitted to sensory area of cortex, and relays motor impulses from cerebellum to motor areas

Answer 38

Under thalamus Regulates autonomic nervous activity and contains hormones important for controlling metabolic activities (sugar and fat metabolism, circadian rhythms, body temp)

Answer 39

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Answer 40

Two way conduction pathway for visual and auditory impulses. Contains corpora quadrigemina (4 masses of grey cells)

Answer 41

Links cerebellum and medulla to higher cortical areas, regulates breathing, and has a role in somatic and visceral motor control

Answer 42

Cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center; regulates breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure

Answer 43

Aka convolution | Bulge of cerebrum

Answer 44

Each shallow furrow of cerebrum

Answer 45

Surface of cerebrum made of grey cell bodies, and divided into frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

Answer 46

Major motor area, site for personality and speech

Answer 47

Sensory(temp, pressure, touch, muscle control) input from all over, interprets language, known as somesthetic

Answer 48

Hearing, smell, language input

Answer 49

Primary visual processing area

Answer 50

Narrow stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Answer 51

Lower part of brain, main motor and sensory inner cation to face and neck via cranial nerves Visual, auditory, and sensory information; regulates cardiac and respiratory function -PIVOTAL IN SLEEP CYCLE

Answer 52

4 masses of grey cells in midbrain Upper two associated with visual reflexes (superior colliculi) Lower two involved with hearing (inferior colliculi)

Answer 53

Provides sensory input to brain and motor impulses from brain to spine

Answer 54

Between T12 and L1 where spinal cord becomes comically tapered

Answer 55

Terminal thread of fibrous tissue that extends from conus medullaris to S2

Answer 56

Horses tail | Terminal portion of spinal cord that forms nerve fibers that are the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves

Answer 57

Conduct sensory impulses to brain and motor impulses from brain Serve as reflex center for impulses entering and leaving w/o brain involvement

Answer 58

CSF Cushions brain and spinal cord from shock and supports brain Produced by choroid plexuses in brain ventricles, colorless fluid surrounding brain and spinal cord Circulated through ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space

Answer 59

Projections of arachnoid membrane, penetrate dura mater | They remove CSF from circulation and allow it to drain into superior sagittal sinus

Answer 60

Division of spinal nerve that contains afferent fibers

Answer 61

Division of spinal nerve that contains efferent fibers

Answer 62

Dorsal rami and ventral rami

Answer 63

Branch of spinal nerve that carries motor and sensory fibers to muscles and skin of back. Serve area from back of head to coccyx

Answer 64

Branch of spinal nerve that carries motor and sensory fibers to muscles and organs including arms, legs, hands, and feet

Answer 65

Part of the PNS and controls involuntary bodily functions | Mainly made of efferent fibers from certain cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 66

Division of autonomic, consists of branches from ventral roots of 12 thoracic and 3 lumbar nerves, form masses outside spinal cord called sympathetic trunk which runs from base of head to coccyx

Answer 67

Produced by sympathetic division, and includes increased alertness, metabolic rate, respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, and decreased digestive and urinary function. Triggers release of epinephrine

Answer 68

Division of autonomic, branches from 4 cranial nerves and 3 sacral nerves, extend to ganglia near the organs. Regulates everyday activity such as slowing heart rate and reducing blood pressure. Rest and digest

Answer 69

Anger, aggression, anxiety, and apathy

Answer 70

Black nerve transmission in area they are applied

Answer 71

Affect CNS and produce partial or complete unconsciousness. Produce analgesia, skeletal muscle relaxation, and reduced reflexes

Answer 72

Making X-ray record of cerebral arterial system. Radiopaque substance injected into arm or next and X-rays are taken

Answer 73

Examination of CSF for color, pressure, pH, and levels of protein, glucose, and leukocytes

Answer 74

Cat | Diagnostic procedure used to study brain structure

Answer 75

Using ultrasound to determine presence of centrally located mass in brain

Answer 76

EEG | Measuring electrical activity of brain via electroencephalograph

Answer 77

LP | Insertion of needle into lumbar subarachnoid space to remove CSF and then CSF analysis is performed

Answer 78

X-ray of spinal canal after injection of radiopaque dye

Answer 79

Assessment of vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, pain, position, temp, gait, muscle strength, coordination, and reflex action to determine neurological status

Answer 80

PET | Computer based nuclear imaging procedure that makes 3-D pictures of organ functioning

Answer 81

High frequency sound waves to record echoes on an oscilloscope and film

Answer 82

inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety

Answer 83

loss or lack of voluntary motion a- lack of -kinesia motion, movement

Answer 84

loss or lack of the ability to speak a- lack of -phasia speech

Answer 85

loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly and recognize common ones; lack of ability to perform daily tasks of living a- lack of -praxia action

Answer 86

loss or lack of strength a- lack of -sthenia strength

Answer 87

surgical incision into the skull. operation in which a bone flap is removed from the skull to access the brain crani/o skull -tomy incision

Answer 88

inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain. most recover with early diagnosis and prompt treatment mening/o membrane, meninges -itis inflammation

Answer 89

pain in a nerve or nerves neur/o nerve -algia pain

Answer 90

condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory a- lack of mnes memory -ia condition

Answer 91

condition in which there is a lack of sensation of pain an- lack of -algesia condition of pain

Answer 92

loss or lack of the sense of feeling an- lack of -esthesia feeling

Answer 93

pertaining to below the dura mater sub- below dur dura, hard -al pertaining to

Answer 94

chemical substances produced in the brain that act as natural analgesics and provide feelings of pleasure

Answer 95

pertaining to on the dura mater, form of regional anesthetic involving injection of medication into the epidural space. blocks transmission of signals through nerves in/near spinal cord epi- upon dur dura, hard -al pertaining to

Answer 96

viral disease characterized by painful vesicular eruptions along the segment of the spinal or cranial nerves (aka shingles)

Answer 97

paralysis of the lower part of the body and of both legs para- beside -plegia stroke, paralysis

Answer 98

slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis

Answer 99

abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, or tingling par- beside -esthesia feeling

Answer 100

inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord poli/o grey myel/o spinal cord -itis inflammation

Answer 101

death of brain tissue that occurs when brain doesn't get enough blood or oxygen. can be thrombotic or hemorrhagic

Answer 102

surgical excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system sympath sympathy -ectomy surgical excision