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Med Term > Ch. 8-Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch. 8-Digestive System Flashcards

(126 cards)

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0
Q

What is the digestive tube called and how long is it?

A

Gastrointestinal tract, 30 ft

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1
Q

Digestive system

A

Continuous tube starting at the mouth and ending at the anus

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2
Q

3 main functions of digestive system

A

Digestive, absorption, elimination

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3
Q

Where does digestion technically begin?

A

When you see food, your saliva glands begin working and producing enzymes

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4
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Changes food so the body can absorb nutrients

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Takes nutrients into bloodstream or lymph

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6
Q

Elimination

A

Solid waste products are excreted

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7
Q

Mouth

A

Primary organ, breaks apart food, moistens food with saliva, and forms food into bolus

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8
Q

Teeth

A

Primary organ, breaks food apart

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9
Q

Salivary glands

A

Accessory organ, secretes saliva in response to food

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10
Q

Pharynx

A

Primary organ, extends between internal nares and larynx entrance, respiration and digestion path

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11
Q

Esophagus

A

Primary organ, moves bolus by peristalsis into the stomach

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12
Q

Stomach

A

Primary organ, reduces food to semiliquid digestible state (chyme)

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13
Q

Small intestine

A

Primary organ, 21 ft long from pyloric sphincter to large intestine

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14
Q

Large intestine

A

Primary organ, 5 ft long, final process of digestion (absorbs remaining water and excretes waste)

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15
Q

Liver

A

Secondary organ, detoxifies body, converts glucose to glycogen and stores it, metabolizes fat, participates in protein anabolism and catabolism, makes bile, and stores iron and vitamins

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16
Q

Gallbladder

A

Secondary organ, stores and concentrates extra bile, largest producer of digestive enzymes

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17
Q

Pancreas

A

Secondary organ, secretes pancreatic juice into small intestine, produces digestive enzymes, secretes insulin and glucagon into blood

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18
Q

Where does digestion officially begin?

A

Mouth, where food is broken down by teeth and enzymes produced by saliva

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19
Q

Bolus

A

Mashed and partially broken down food that is formed by the mouth and travels through the esophagus to the stomach

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20
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Upper portion of pharynx above the soft palate

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21
Q

Oropharynx

A

Middle portion of pharynx between palate and hyoid bone

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22
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Lowest portion of pharynx

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23
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of tissue blocking larynx opening that prevents food from entering the trachea

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24
Esophageal sphincter
Located at junction of esophagus and stomach and prevents backup of stomach contents
25
Peristalsis
Wavelike muscular contractions that carry a bolus down the esophagus and chyme down the small intestine
26
4 parts of stomach
Fundus, body, antrum, rugae
27
Fundus
Upper region of stomach
28
Body
Main portion of stomach
29
Antrum
Lower region of stomach
30
Rugae
Folds in lining of stomach that produce digestive juices | "Reggae dreads"
31
Chyme
Semiliquid state, stomach converts food into this
32
Pyloric sphincter
Passageway between stomach and small intestine
33
Duodenum
First part of small intestine
34
Jejunum
Middle of small intestine
35
Ileum
Last part of small intestine, location of Crohn's disease
36
Where does digestion and absorption chiefly occur?
Small intestine
37
Digestion in small intestine
Nutrients are absorbed and transferred to body cells by circulatory system
38
3 organs that help the small intestine
Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
39
Bile
Produced by liver and emulsifies fat droplets
40
4 parts of large intestine
Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
41
4 parts of colon
Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid | Goes clockwise around colon
42
4 accessory organs
Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
43
What causes constipation?
Dehydration, lack of fiber, certain medicines (antibiotics)
44
Hepatitis
Group of viral infections that affect the liver
45
3 common types of hepatitis
``` Hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HAB), hepatitis C (HAC) Vaccines for a and b but not c ```
46
Hernia
Protrusion of organ into another body part - hiatal: protrusion of stomach up through hiatal opening - inguinal: protrusion of intestine into inguinal area
47
Antacids
Neutralizes hydrochloride acid in stomach
48
Antacid mixtures
Combination of 2 antacid properties (aluminum and calcium) with magnesium salts
49
Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists
Inhibit gastric acid secretion and stimulation by foods and caffeine
50
Gastric Acid Pump Inhibitor (Proton-Pump Inhibitor(PPI))
Suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the final step of acid production Prevents ulcers
51
Alcohol toxicology test
Testing blood serum and plasma to determine alcohol levels
52
Ammonia test
Testing blood plasma to determine ammonia level
53
Colonoscopy
Visual examination of colon via colonoscopy
54
Fiberoptic colonoscopy
Visual examination of colon via flexible colonoscope
55
Esophagogastroduodenal endoscopy
Endoscopic examination of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
56
Gastric analysis
Test to determine quality of secretion; amount of free and combined HCl; and absence or presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and fatty acids
57
Gastrointestinal series
GI series, examination of esophagus, stomach, and small intestine, in which barium is given orally and observed as it flows through GI system
58
McBurney's point
Common location of pain in people with appendicitis
59
absorpt/o
To take in
60
aden/o
Gland
61
aliment/o
Nourishment
62
amyl/o
Starch
63
anabol/o
Building up
64
append/o
Appendix
65
appendic/o
Appendix
66
bil/i
Gall, bile
67
bucc/o
Cheek
68
catabol/o
A casting down
69
celi/o
Abdomen, belly
70
cheil/o
Lip
71
chol/e
Gall, bile
72
choledoch/o
Common bile duct
73
cirrh/o
Orange-yellow
74
col/o
Colon
75
colon/o
Colon
76
cyst/o
Bladder
77
dent/o
Tooth
78
diverticul/o
Diverticula
79
duoden/o
Duodenum
80
enter/o
Intestine
81
esophag/o
Esophagus
82
fibr/o
Fibrous tissue
83
gastr/o
Stomach
84
gingiv/o
Gums
85
gloss/o
Tongue
86
glyc/o
Sweet, sugar
87
halit/o
Breath
88
hemat/o
Blood
89
hemorrh/o
Vein liable to bleed
90
hepat/o
Liver
91
herni/o
Hernia
92
ile/o
Ileum
93
labi/o
Lip
94
lapar/o
Abdomen
95
lingu/o
Tongue
96
lip/o
Fat
97
odont/o
Tooth
98
pancreat/o
Pancreas
99
pept/o
To digest
100
pharyng/o
Pharynx
101
pil/o
Hair
102
prand/i
Meal
103
proct/o
Anus and rectum
104
pylor/o
Pylorus, gatekeeper
105
rect/o
Rectum
106
sial/o
Saliva, salivary
107
sigmoid/o
Sigmoid
108
splen/o
Spleen
109
stomat/o
Mouth
110
verm/i
Worm
111
Catabolism
Literally a casting down, a breaking of complex substances into more basic elements catabol a casting down -ism condition
112
Celiac
Pertaining to the abdomen celi abdomen, belly -ac pertaining to
113
Cholecystectomy
Surgical excision of the gallbladder, removed through a small incision near the navel in laparoscopic cholecystectomy chol/e gall, bile cyst bladder -ectomy surgical excision
114
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder chol/e gall, bile cyst bladder -itis inflammation
115
Colonoscope
Thin, lighted, flexible instrument that is used to view the interior of the colon colon/o colon -scope instrument for examining
116
Dyspepsia
Difficulty in digestion; indigestion dys- difficult -pepsia to digest, digestion
117
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing dys- difficult -phagia to eat, to swallow
118
Emesis
Vomiting eme to vomit -sis condition
119
Enzyme
Protein substance capable of causing rapid chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself
120
Epigastric
Pertaining to the region above the stomach epi- above gastr stomach -ic pertaining to
121
Gastrectomy
Surgical excision of a part of or the whole stomach gastr stomach -ectomy surgical excision
122
Gastroesophageal
Pertaining to the stomach and esophagus gastr/o stomach esophage esophagus -al pertaining to
123
Hepatoma
Tumor of the liver hepat liver -oma tumor
124
Laparotomy
Surgical incision into the abdomen lapar/o abdomen -tomy incision
125
Volvulus
Twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction volvul to roll -us pertaining to

Med Term (15 decks)

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