Ch. 4-Organization of Body Flashcards

(35 cards)

0
Q

Chemical element

A

Substance that cannot be broken down any further; made up of atoms

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1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest basic chemical unit of an element. Contains nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons

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2
Q

6 Elements in the Body

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus

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3
Q

Molecules

A

Combination of two or more atoms that form a compound

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4
Q

Cells

A

Basic building blocks; perform specific functions

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

Outside layer of cell; has selective permeability

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Substance between nucleus and cell membrane, composed mostly of water, it’s where all the work happens that is not happening in the nucleus

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Responsible for cell’s metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The cell’s “brain”. Also contains the chromosomes

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8
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of genes and chromosomes inside each cell

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9
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does the body have?

A

23

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10
Q

Stem cells

A

Originate primarily from embryo; they can divide and renew themselves and basically form any type of tissue

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11
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells that perform a specialized function

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12
Q

Four types of I tissue

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

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13
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Outer surfaces of body; lines body cavities, organs, and passageways; forms secreting portions of glands (sweat gland for example)

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14
Q

Connective tissue

A

Most widespread and abundant tissue, supporting network for organs, connects muscle to bone and bone to joint, bone is a dense form of this

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15
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal (voluntary)
Smooth muscle (involuntary)
Cardiac (involuntary)

16
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Striated in appearance and is associated with movement and strength

17
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Lines outside of organs, involuntary movement

18
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Found only in the heart, keeps it beating

19
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Contains neurons and glia cells, controls and coordinates actions of the body

20
Q

Organs

A

Several different tissues that serve a common purpose

21
Q

Organ systems

A

Group of organs that have common purpose

22
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertically divides body into left and right portions

23
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into superior and inferior portions just below the waist

24
Coronal or frontal plane
Vertically divides body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions
25
Drugs for therapeutic use
Relieves symptoms or sustains patient until an alternative can be used
26
Drugs for diagnostic use
A drug taken so a doctor can locate something, for example drinking something before a cat scan so they can see inside better
27
Drugs for curative use
Removes the causing agent
28
Drugs for replacement use
Replaces something in the body (vitamins or hormones)
29
Drugs for preventative or prophylactic use
Prevent disease or reduce severity
30
Chemical name of a drug
Formula that describes composition of drug
31
Generic name of drug
Official name with description of chemical structure. Always written in lowercase
32
Trade or brand name of drug
Capitalized, name you'll see in ads on TV or pamphlets
33
Undesirable action
Unintended reaction that can happen that the doctor is aware of
34
Adverse reaction
Unintended reaction that the doctor is not aware of