Ch. 4-Organization of Body

Question 0

Chemical element

Answer 0

Substance that cannot be broken down any further; made up of atoms

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Smallest basic chemical unit of an element. Contains nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 2

6 Elements in the Body

Answer 2

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus

Question 3

Molecules

Answer 3

Combination of two or more atoms that form a compound

Question 4

Cells

Answer 4

Basic building blocks; perform specific functions

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

Outside layer of cell; has selective permeability

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Substance between nucleus and cell membrane, composed mostly of water, it’s where all the work happens that is not happening in the nucleus

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Responsible for cell’s metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The cell’s “brain”. Also contains the chromosomes

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

Complete set of genes and chromosomes inside each cell

Question 9

How many pairs of chromosomes does the body have?

Answer 9

23

Question 10

Stem cells

Answer 10

Originate primarily from embryo; they can divide and renew themselves and basically form any type of tissue

Question 11

Tissue

Answer 11

Group of similar cells that perform a specialized function

Question 12

Four types of I tissue

Answer 12

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

Question 13

Epithelial tissue

Answer 13

Outer surfaces of body; lines body cavities, organs, and passageways; forms secreting portions of glands (sweat gland for example)

Question 14

Connective tissue

Answer 14

Most widespread and abundant tissue, supporting network for organs, connects muscle to bone and bone to joint, bone is a dense form of this

Question 15

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 15

Skeletal (voluntary)
Smooth muscle (involuntary)
Cardiac (involuntary)

Question 16

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 16

Striated in appearance and is associated with movement and strength

Question 17

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 17

Lines outside of organs, involuntary movement

Question 18

Cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 18

Found only in the heart, keeps it beating

Question 19

Nerve tissue

Answer 19

Contains neurons and glia cells, controls and coordinates actions of the body

Question 20

Organs

Answer 20

Several different tissues that serve a common purpose

Question 21

Organ systems

Answer 21

Group of organs that have common purpose

Question 22

Sagittal plane

Answer 22

Vertically divides body into left and right portions

Question 23

Transverse plane

Answer 23

Divides body into superior and inferior portions just below the waist

Question 24

Coronal or frontal plane

Answer 24

Vertically divides body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions

Question 25

Drugs for therapeutic use

Answer 25

Relieves symptoms or sustains patient until an alternative can be used

Question 26

Drugs for diagnostic use

Answer 26

A drug taken so a doctor can locate something, for example drinking something before a cat scan so they can see inside better

Question 27

Drugs for curative use

Answer 27

Removes the causing agent

Question 28

Drugs for replacement use

Answer 28

Replaces something in the body (vitamins or hormones)

Question 29

Drugs for preventative or prophylactic use

Answer 29

Prevent disease or reduce severity

Question 30

Chemical name of a drug

Answer 30

Formula that describes composition of drug

Question 31

Generic name of drug

Answer 31

Official name with description of chemical structure. Always written in lowercase

Question 32

Trade or brand name of drug

Answer 32

Capitalized, name you'll see in ads on TV or pamphlets

Question 33

Undesirable action

Answer 33

Unintended reaction that can happen that the doctor is aware of

Question 34

Adverse reaction

Answer 34

Unintended reaction that the doctor is not aware of