Flashcards in Ch. 4-Organization of Body Deck (35):
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Atom
Smallest basic chemical unit of an element. Contains nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons
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Chemical element
Substance that cannot be broken down any further; made up of atoms
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6 Elements in the Body
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus
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Molecules
Combination of two or more atoms that form a compound
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Cells
Basic building blocks; perform specific functions
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Cell membrane
Outside layer of cell; has selective permeability
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Cytoplasm
Substance between nucleus and cell membrane, composed mostly of water, it's where all the work happens that is not happening in the nucleus
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Nucleus
Responsible for cell's metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The cell's "brain". Also contains the chromosomes
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Genome
Complete set of genes and chromosomes inside each cell
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How many pairs of chromosomes does the body have?
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Stem cells
Originate primarily from embryo; they can divide and renew themselves and basically form any type of tissue
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Tissue
Group of similar cells that perform a specialized function
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Four types of I tissue
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve
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Epithelial tissue
Outer surfaces of body; lines body cavities, organs, and passageways; forms secreting portions of glands (sweat gland for example)
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Connective tissue
Most widespread and abundant tissue, supporting network for organs, connects muscle to bone and bone to joint, bone is a dense form of this
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3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal (voluntary)
Smooth muscle (involuntary)
Cardiac (involuntary)
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Skeletal muscle tissue
Striated in appearance and is associated with movement and strength
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Smooth muscle tissue
Lines outside of organs, involuntary movement
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Cardiac muscle tissue
Found only in the heart, keeps it beating
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Nerve tissue
Contains neurons and glia cells, controls and coordinates actions of the body
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Organs
Several different tissues that serve a common purpose
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Organ systems
Group of organs that have common purpose
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Sagittal plane
Vertically divides body into left and right portions
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Transverse plane
Divides body into superior and inferior portions just below the waist
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Coronal or frontal plane
Vertically divides body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions
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Drugs for therapeutic use
Relieves symptoms or sustains patient until an alternative can be used
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Drugs for diagnostic use
A drug taken so a doctor can locate something, for example drinking something before a cat scan so they can see inside better
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Drugs for curative use
Removes the causing agent
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Drugs for replacement use
Replaces something in the body (vitamins or hormones)
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Drugs for preventative or prophylactic use
Prevent disease or reduce severity
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Chemical name of a drug
Formula that describes composition of drug
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Generic name of drug
Official name with description of chemical structure. Always written in lowercase
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Trade or brand name of drug
Capitalized, name you'll see in ads on TV or pamphlets
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Undesirable action
Unintended reaction that can happen that the doctor is aware of
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