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Biol 205 > Ch. 14 > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

average individual spinal cord length

A

45 cm long and 0.5 max width

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2
Q

spinal cord goes down to

A

L1 L2

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3
Q

spinal cord stops growing after age

A

4

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4
Q

very end of the spinal cord is called

A

conus medullaris

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5
Q

root to stabilize conus medullaris

A

filum terminale

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6
Q

inferior nerve roots on spinal cord

A

cauda equina

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7
Q

spinal nerve amount

A

31 pairs

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8
Q

posterior surface of spinal cord groove

A

posterior median sulcus

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9
Q

anterior surface of spinal cord deep

A

anterior median fissure

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10
Q

center of spinal cord hole

A

central canal contains cerebrospinal fluid

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11
Q

spinal cord gray mater forms

A

butterfly

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12
Q

gray matter is where you see

A

clusters of cell bodies and interneurons

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13
Q

horn that is in the top left corner

A

posterior dorsal gray horn

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14
Q

below the posterior dorsal gray horn is the

A

lateral intermediate gray horn

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15
Q

what type of neurons does posterior dorsal gray horn have

A

sensory nuclei

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16
Q

lateral gray horn does

A

motor nuclei that are autonomic, cardiac smooth muscle

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17
Q

front of horn gray matter

A

anterior ventral gray horn

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18
Q

anterior ventral gray horn nuclei

A

skeletal muscle signal

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19
Q

the most superficial of the meninges is the

A

dura mater

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20
Q

dura mater means

A

hard durable mother

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21
Q

dura mater is

A

tough tissue fibrous ct

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22
Q

space above or on top of dura mater

A

epidural space

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23
Q

middle layer of spinal meninges

A

arachnoid mater

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24
Q

minimal space between spinal meninges

A

arachnoid mater and dura mater

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25
when you die arachnoid mater and dura mater
seperate and make subdural apace
26
space after arachnoid mater is
subarachnoid space
27
subarachnoid space is where
cerebrospinal fluid flows
28
subarachnoid space is filled with
elastic fibers and collagen
29
deepest layer of spinal meninges
pia mater
30
pia mater attachment
very tight with neural tissue
31
pia mater includes
blood vessels to help nutriate
32
BOTH spinal and epidural anesthesia involve injecting anesthesia near
spinal cord, patient is awake, avoid risks of general
33
most spinal and epidural differences have to do with
location of needle
34
spinal anesthesia, needle penetrates through to
dura mater, arachnoid mater, into the subarachnoid space
35
with epidural anesthesia it only penetrates
through skin, muscle, and ligaments in epidural space
36
spinal anesthetic can only be injected
inferior to L2, spinal cord stops there
37
pain relief anesthesia quickly with
spinal, it is closer to nueral tissue
38
epidural pain relief time
10-15 minutes
39
no muscular block with
epidural
40
epidural anesthesia leaves you with an
catheter to add more
41
the spinal nerves come off in
dorsal root and ventral root
42
multiple rots are
rootlets
43
key diff between dorsal and ventral root
dorsal root is swollen called dorsal root ganglion
44
dorsal and spinal def
dorsal: sensory ventral: motor
45
spinal nerve passes through
intervertebral formana
46
spinal nerve splits into
dorsal ramus, ventral ramus
47
dorsal ramus
supply neck and back
48
ventral ramus
supply ventral body and limbs
49
dorsal and ventral rami are nerves that
mixed
50
rami communicantes connects spinal nerve to
sympathetic ganglia
51
white ramus communicans
myelinated prepanglionic fibers
52
gray ramus communicans
unmyelinated postganglionic fibers
53
what part of body is supplied by what nerve is called
dermatome
54
complex nerve networks
nerve plexuses
55
plexuses form due to
skeletal small muscles fusing into larger muscles
56
make ability to send signals with multiple routes
nerve plexuses
57
cervical plexus arises
c1-c5
58
cervical plexus innervates muscles
skin of neck, shoulder, and diaphragm
59
nerve that innervates diaphragm is
phrenic nerve
60
phrenic nerve formed by
c345
61
cervical plexus supplies
CN XI= accessory CNXII hypoglossal
62
brachial plexus innervates
upper limbs, shoulder, thorax
63
brachial plexus ranges
c5-T1
64
brachial plexus nerves
axillary musculocutaneous radial median ulanr
65
how many spinal nerves give rise to the plexus
5!!!
66
lumbar plexus begins and ends
t12-l4
67
lumbar plexus innervates
abdomen, genitals, thigh, and lower leg
68
nerves of lumbar plexus
femoral and obturator nerves
69
lumbar plexus femoral nerve supplies
interior thigh muscle, foot
70
obturator nerve lumbar plexus supply
adductor muscles of thigh
71
sacral plexus arises
L4-S4
72
sacral plexus innervates
genitals, gluteal, thigh, and lower leg
73
sacral plexus nerves
sciatic and pudendal nerves
74
sciatic nerve fun fact
largest single nerve in body
75
a reflux is an
immediate involuntary motor response to specific stimulus
76
reflex arc is
complete neural pathway
77
step 1 for reflex
have to stimulate receptor
78
step 2 reflex
stimulated receptor conveys signal across sensory neuron to spinal cord in brain
79
step 3 reflex
CNS processing stimulus if it is worth responding too
80
step 4 reflex
activate motor neuron (efferent), away from spinal cord
81
step 5 reflex
response by effector
82
classify development reflexes
reflexes learned or genetically determined
83
development reflex example
saliva with food (innate reflex) acquired (increase saliva)
84
response reflexes
somatic: skeletal responds visceral: smooth and cardiac responds
85
processing site reflexes
spinal reflex: in spinal cord cranial reflex: in the brain
86
complexity circuit reflexes
monosynaptic: 1 synapse polysnaptic: multiple (2-100)
87
synapse is electrical to
chemical then back to electircal in postsynaptic neuron
88
more synapses the more
you have to convert, longer it takes
89
monosynaptics responses take
shorter time but have to be simple
90
most relfexes in body are
polysynaptic reflex
91
patellar reflex is
monosynaptic/ stretch reflex
92
when patella hit
pulls patella, quads, which stretches anterior portion of thigh is stretch
93
what detects stretch
muscle spindles
94
crossed extensor reflex is what type
complicated polysnaptic
95
pain receptors are
noiciceptor
96
crossed extensor reflex pathways are
divergence followed by serial processing aka parallel processing

Biol 205 (45 decks)

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