Ch. 16 Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
average weight of brain
A
3 pounds
2
Q
how many liters of the brain
A
1.3 L
3
Q
brain is like food
A
jello
4
Q
how much of body mass is the brain
A
2%
5
Q
how much cardiac output does the brain get
A
20%
6
Q
brain amount of neural tissue
A
95%
7
Q
20-21 days post conception we see brain embryology
A
ectoderm thickens to become neural plate
8
Q
neural plate as 20-21 days with neural folds becoming
A
neural groove
9
Q
neural folds eventually grow to midline and make follow tube called
A
neurocoel
10
Q
very center of neuro tube is
A
neurocoel
11
Q
after neural tube forms 3-4 week of gestation
A
anterior neural tube get swellings called primary brain vesicles
12
Q
what is the very front of the brain vesicles
A
prosencephalon
13
Q
behind the prosencephalon is the
A
mesencephalon
14
Q
what is behind the mesencephalon
A
rhombencephalon
15
Q
after the primary brain vesicles develop prosencephalon and rhombencephalon seperate to make
A
secondary brain vesicles
16
Q
after the primary brain vesicles develop prosencephalon and rhombencephalon seperate to make
A
secondary brain vesicles
17
Q
prosencephalon gives rise to
A
telencephalon
18
Q
telencephalon ends up being the
A
largest portion of the cerebrum
19
Q
diencephalon arises from the
A
prosencephalon
20
Q
diencephalon includes
A
thalamus and hypothalums
21
Q
mesencephalon gives rise to
A
midbrain
22
Q
rhombencephalon seperates to
A
metencephalon and myelencephalon
23
Q
mentencephalon gives rise to
A
cerebellum and pons
24
Q
myelencephalon gives rise to
A
spinal cord medulla oblongata
25
ventricles are important because they are filled with
cerebrospinal fluid
26
first two ventricles are the
lateral ventricles
27
lateral ventricles are enclosed within
cerebral hemispheres
28
third ventricles openings from
lateral
29
opening from lateral to third ventricle
interventricular foramina
30
canal within the mesencephalon
cerebral aquadecut
31
cerebral aquadduct connects third ventricle with
fourth ventricle
32
fouth ventricle connects to
central canal of spinal cord and to the subarachnoid space
33
what protects the brain first
bones
34
cranial meninges are continuous with the
spinal meninges
35
dura mater splits into
2 different sublayers
36
dura mater layer that is closer to skull
endosteal cranial dura
37
deep layer of dura mater is the
meningeal cranial dura
38
between two layers of the dura mater is the
dural sinuses
39
dural sinuses work like
veins
40
folds of dura mater that help support brain
falx cerebri and tentorium cereblli
41
falx cerebri connects to the
cristi galli of the ethmoid
42
tentorium cerebelli help
support cerebellum
43
pass through dura matter which leads to arachnoid mater has most
cerebral spinal fluid flowing
44
connection between subarachoid space and dural sinus
arachnoid granulations
45
arachnoid granulations allow
cerebral spinal fluid to pass into the dural passes mixing it with blood
46
after arachnoid mater is the pia mater lines
every grove and every fold
47
astrocytes in pia mater
anchor it to the brain, very vascular
48
cerebrospinal fluid is a fluid
lymph like
49
cerebrospinal fluid helps transport
nutrients, chemicals, and waste products
50
amount of cerebrospinal fluid
150 ml and replaces every 8 hrs
51
we make cerebrospinal fluid through
choroid plexuses
52
choroid plexuses are for
each ventricle of the brain
53
choroid plexus specialized capillary
very permeable
to take things out of blood
ependymal cells
54
where does cerebrospinal fluid go after produce
lateral to third to cerebral aquaduct to fourth ventricle then pass to spinal cord or majority go to medial or lateral apertures
55
eventual CSF will make it to the superior region to the
arachnoid granulations
56
blood brain barrier maintains
chemical environment
57
least permeable capillaries in body
blood brain barriers
58
most inferior region of the brain is the
medulla oblongata
59
any info in or out of spinal cord pass through
medulla oblongata
60
cranial nerves for medulla oblongata
vii, ix, x, xi, xii
61
specialized nuclei for autonomic control of visceral activities medulla oblongata
cardiovascular, respiratory, emetic center
62
superior to the medulla oblongata is the
pons
63
pons gives rise to CN
v, vi,vii, vii
64
pons communicates with
respiratory medulla oblongata
65
pons tracs are
ascending/descending
66
upon the pons is the
mesencephalon
67
upon the pons is the
mesencephalon
68
mesencephalon CN
CNIII and IV
69
mesencephalon main structure
corpora quadrigemina
70
corpora quadrigemina pairs
superior and inferior colliculi
71
superior colliculi reflex to
visual stimuli
72
inferior colliculi reflex to
auditory input
73
major nucli of the mesencephalon
reticular formation
74
reticular formation help
involuntary control motor control, limb position, consciousness
75
diencephalon includes
epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalaymus
76
what is the3 roof of the third ventricle
epithalamus
77
pineal gland is in the
epithalamus
78
80% of diencephalon
thalamus
79
what is connected to the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
80
right and left thalamus connected via
massa intermedia
81
functions of thalamus
relay sensories,
82
filter of the brain for relevant stimuli
thalamus
83
thalamus also helps coordinate
motor activities
84
what connects pituitary gland with hypothalamus
infundibulum
85
hypothalamus functions
subconscious control of muscle contraction with emotions
adjust autonomic centers (cardiovascular)
coordinatees nervous and endocerine
86
hypothalamus secretes
antidiuretic and oxytocin
87
oxytocin female production
of milk, and help with delievery
88
hypothalamus is the location of
emotions, thirst, internal thermostat
89
cerebellum hemispheres connected by
two, vermis
90
folds of brain
folia
91
grooves of brain
sulci
92
cerebellum white matter forms
arbor vitae
93
cerebellum is the ending of
spinocerebellur tracts
94
cerebellum function
receive info for where body parts will be
balance, tactile, visual, auditory
adjusts postural muscles
fine tunes coordinate voluntary, involun
95
somatic motor control starts
decision in frontal lobe of cerebrum
96
somatic motor control decision to move conveyed to
premotor cortex
97
premotor cortex in somatic motor control then goes to the
cerebellum
98
cerebellum calculates
what to do with your position with what muscles you want
99
largest and most complicated region of the brain
cerebrum
100
cerebrum has two hemispheres seperated by
longitudinal fissure
101
outer layer of gray matter in brain is called
cerebral cortex
102
cerebral cortex folds/grooves
gryi/ sulci
103
prominent sulcus for cerebrum
central sulcus
104
central sulcus seperates
precentral gryus and postcentral gryus
105
major lobes of cerebrum
frontal, temporal, insula, parietal, occipital
106
deep region of cerebrum
insula
107
hemisphere of cerebrum recieves
sensory info and generates motor commands to opposite side of body
108
cerebral cortex motor areas 3
primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, speech center
109
primary motor cortex control is
voluntary
110
cerebral cortex that helps with fine control
primary motor cortex
111
anteriro to primary motor cortex
premotor cortex
112
what cortex helps control motor skills and controls muscles simultaneously
premotor cortex
113
speech center specific for
motor speech area
114
speech center only found on
left side
115
cerebral cortex sensory areas 8
primary somatosensory cortex, somatosensory association area, visual cortex, visual association area, auditory cortex, auditory association area, olfactory cortex/association area, gustatory cortex/association area
116
primary somatosensory cortex recieves
info from posterior columns and spinothalamic tracts
117
somatonsensory association area that gives meaning to
stimuli from primary somatonsensory cortex
118
posterior occipital lobe contains
visual cortex
119
visual cortex detects
light location, intesity, and wavelength
120
left visual field of each eye is interpreted by
left side of brain
121
visual association area gives meaning to
visual cortex stimuli
122
auditory cortex determines
pitch, sound, and intesity of sound
123
each ear sends stimnulus information to both sides of the brain for
auditory cortex
124
to give meaning to auditory cortex you need
auditory association area
125
region in auditory association area
receptive speech area to help comprehend language
126
receptive speech area is usually on
left side
127
olfactory cortex/ association process
olfactory stimuli
128
gustatory cortex processes
taste
129
cerebral cortex part that doesn't do sensation
prefrontal cortex
130
frontal cortex is the major
integration center
131
what integrates info from sensory association and performs abstract intellectual functions
prefrontal cortex
132
if prefrontal cortex destroyed
personality changed, judgement, abstract reasoning, planning, cognition
133
left hemisphere of brain helps with
language, reading, writing, speaking, mathematics, logical and analytical reasoning
134
right hemisphere helps with
spatial perception, intuition, facial recognition, artistic/musical skills, emotion
135
lateralization of hemispheres is true for %
90-95%
136
two hemispheres are connected by the
corpus callosum
137
fibers in the cerebral white matter
association, commissual, projection
138
association fibers connect
regions of same hemisphere
139
commissural fibers connect
cerebral hemispheres
140
projection fibers connect
cerebrum top regions of brain and cord
141
cerebrum basal nuclei controls
muscle tone and coordination of learned movement patterns
142
limbic system establishes
emotional states and behavioral drives
