Ch. 13 Flashcards by Brianna Veenstra

major divison os nervous systgem

CNS and PNS

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CNS includes

brain and spinal cord

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both brain and spinal cord are capable of

can receive, integrate, and generate response to sensory info

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PNS is able to convey

sensory info to the CNS for the tasks and also carry away to effect

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two next categories in the PNS

Sensory afferent division
motor efferent division

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sensory divison info is going

toward CNS

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motor division conveys info

away from CNS

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motor divison subdivisions

somatic nervous systgem and autonomic nervous system

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SNS involves

cells conveying skeletal muscles

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SNS voluntary or non

voluntary

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ans cells convey info

from CNS to other effectors

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ANS muscles

cardiac, smooth, and glands

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ANS subdivisons

sympathetic divison and parasympathetic

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sympathetic division causes

heart rate increase, slow down motility in digestion

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parasympathetic cause

heart rate decrease, motility increase

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neuroglia is

cells in nervous tissue

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how many times of cells do we have of neuroglia than neuron cells

5x more

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types of neuroglia (glial cells) for CNS

ependymal cells, microglia, astrocytes, ogliodendrocytes

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ependymal cells shapes

cuboidal or columnar

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ependymal cells line

cavities in CNS, primarily ventral brain and central canal spinal cord

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ependymal cells are specialized

for producing, monitering cerebrospinal fluid and circulate it

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microglia size

smallest of the cells

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microglia are important because

resident immune system within immune cells

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microglia phagocytic

they can engulf microbes/debris, help inflammatory/disease

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astrocytes are the most

numerous cells

astrocytes are important for

framework, guiding, support, regulate ISF, repair tissue, BBB

oligodendrocytes help

astrocytes with structural support

oligodendrocytes myelinate

axons which leads to grey and white matter

unmyelin/ myelin graymatter

unmyelinated

unmyelin/ myelin white matter

myelinated

myelin is a substance formed from

phospholipids of glial cells

myelin

electrically insulate parts of nuerons not covered

if axon is unmyelinated

transport is not fast

if axon is myelinated

transport is fast

PNS glial cells

schwann and satelite

satellite cells wrap themselves

around cell bodies in PNS

satellite cells help

regulate exchange of nutrients

schwann cells our found in

neuronal axons in PNS

Schwanna cells are like

oligodendrocytes

schwann cells help

myelinate axons

schwann cells myelinate

by putting all cytoplasm in one spot and stretches to wrap phospholipids around

schwann cells each myelinate

one section of axons

gaps between schwann cells are called

nodes of ranvier

second classifaction of nervous tissue

neurons

neurons help

transmit electrical signals

neurons do not go through

mitosis

neurons lifespan

100+ years

neurons metabolic rate is

high

neurons need constant

blood and glucose

parts of a neuron

dendrites, cell body, axon

dendrites look like

branches lots of em

dendrites can be stimulated by

environment, but typically by other cells/neurons chemical

dendrites take signal and

send to cell body

cell body does typical

cellular duties

within cell body of neuron that

you synthesize special chemical signal called neurotransmitters

neurons often cluster in CNS called

nucleus

neurons clustered in PNS

ganglia

cell body extension for neuron

axon

neurons only have one

axon

if axon splits it is called

axon collateral

axon at the end

axon terminals

axon terminals release

neurotransmitters

when electrical impulse reaches axon terminal

it is sent out, attaches to something else

axons bundled CNS

tracts

axons bundled in PNS

nerves

structure of a nerve

epineurium, perineurium, endonerium

nerve covered on its surface

epineurium, connective tissue

nerve is surrounded by nerve fassicle defined by

perineurium

one fascicle we see a bundle of axons with myelinated CT called

endoneurium

classification for neurons

anaxonic neuron, bipolar neuron, pseudounipolar neuron, multipolar neuron

anaxonic neuron means

neuron without axon psych

anaxonic neuron extensions

look the same, we cannpt tell

bipolar neuron means

bi two Neurons

bipolar neujron 2 extensions

one is towards and one is away

bipolar neurons common

bipolar neurons found

eye organ

pseudounipolar neuron means

fake 1 neuron

pseudounipolar neurons

looks like single extension, but it is two extensions right next to each other

pseudounipolar neuron common

pseudounipolar neuron found

sensory neurons, and ganglia for PNS

multipolar neuron means

many extensions

most common type of neuron is

multipolar neuron

multipolar neuron many extension

1 axon lots of dendrites

99% of neurons are

multipolar

if neuron conveying towards CNS

sensory or afferent fiber

if neuron conveying away

motor/ efferent fiber

somatic motor neurons

convey towards skeletal

visceral motors neurons convey

to smooth, glands, cardiac

interneuron means

inbetween sensory neurons

interneuron found exclusively

within cNS, just within

most single type of neuron we have

multipolar interneuron

if neurons deprieved of minerals and 02 for minutes

permenately damge or die, paralysis

peripheral neurons we see

limited capacity to recover after injury

wallerian degeneration

injury, distal stump detached starts to degrade from macrophages, schwann cells form cellular cord that tries to follow orignal path

wallerian degeneration

injury, distal stump detached starts to degrade from macrophages, schwann cells form cellular cord that tries to follow orignal path

wallerian degeneration schwann cells

release growth factors to encourage regrowth

wallerian degernation time

happen hours after injury but may take days

if partial wallerian degeneration

then partial function/paralysis

wallerian degeneration astrocytes

help regenerate nervous tissue

how neurons communicate with other cellsr

synapse

types of synapses

neuron to neuron, neuron to muscle, neuron to gland

neuron to neuron

presynaptic neuron, post synaptic neuron

neuron to muscle called

neuromuscular junction

neuron to gland called

neuroglandular junction

most synapses are

chemical

neurons interconnected that communicate

neuornal pool

the pattern in which neurons are arranged is

neural circuit

divergence looks like

1 neuron to 2 and those send to 3 neurons

convergence occurs when

multiple neurons singal to one

serial proccessing looks

like circuit sequentially,

parallel processing combines

divergence and serial processing

parrallel processing starts

1 neuron to three then keep relaying to three

reverberation looks like

sending to one while also receiving, positive feedback

Ch. 13 Flashcards

(113 cards)