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Biol 205 > Ch. 18 > Flashcards

Ch. 18 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

sensation is sensory info arriving at

A

CNS

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2
Q

two types of senses

A

general and special

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3
Q

general senses includes

A

temp, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception

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4
Q

general senses are found

A

throughout the body

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5
Q

general senses generally utilize tracts that are

A

ascending

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6
Q

special senses include

A

olfaction, gustation, balance, hearing, vision

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7
Q

specializer senses use tracts of

A

not ascending

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8
Q

special senses located

A

specific parts of body

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9
Q

for perception you need to be

A

conscious

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10
Q

to be able to detect stimulus you need

A

sensory receptor that are specialized for that area

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11
Q

free nerve endings are basically

A

dendrites

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12
Q

area monitered by recepter is the

A

receptive fields

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13
Q

sensitive receptive areas the fields are

A

small

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14
Q

tonic receptors are always

A

active

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15
Q

phasic receptors only become activated when

A

change occurs in conditions being monitered

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16
Q

strong stimulus look at

A

frequency of action potentials

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17
Q

ex. of tonic receptors

A

pain

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18
Q

adaption is a reduction in

A

sensitivitiy in the presence of a constant stimulus

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19
Q

peripheral adaptions is when

A

receptors or sensory neurons alter levels of activity

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20
Q

central adaption is when neurons remain active but

A

nuclei along the sensory pathway are inhibited

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21
Q

we can overcome the adaption of

A

central

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22
Q

classify receptors by

A

exteroceptors
interoceptors
proprioceptors

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23
Q

receptor classification according to stimulus type

A

chemicals, photons, sound waves, pain, temp, physical distortion

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24
Q

nociceptors are aka

A

pain receptors

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25
nociceptors classified
free nerve endings with large receptive fields
26
nocicpeotrs respond to
extreme temp physical damange chemicalsw
27
nociceptors are common in
superficial skin, joint capsules, vessel walls
28
nociceptors are uncommon in
deeper tissues and viscera
29
referred pain is
visceral pain felt in areas far removed from site of damage bc primary sensory neurons converge on single tract
30
thermoreceptors structured as
free nerve endings
31
thermoreceptors are found in
dermis, skeletal muscles, liver, and hypothalamus
32
cold receptors are _x
3x more numerus than warm receptors
33
thermoreceptors utilize
lateral spinothalamic tracts
34
mechanoreceptors respond to
physical forces
35
3 calles of mechanoreceptors
tactile receptors baroreceptors proprioceptors
36
tactile receptors provide sensations of
fine/crude touch, pressure, and vibe
37
baroreceptors respond to
stretch and pressure in the hollow organs
38
proprioceptors monitor
position of joints and muscles
39
tactile receptors invole
sense of touch
40
3 types of tactile receptors
free nerve endings root hair plexus tactile merkels disc
41
freeve nerve endings for tactile receptors are in the
dermis
42
root hair plexus moniters
displacement of hairs
43
tactile discs are expanded
nerve terminals
44
tactile disc commumicates with
merkel cell in epidermis
45
tactile disc sense
fine touch and pressure
46
tactile disc description
tonically active with narrow receptive field
47
3 types of encapsulated tactile receptors
tactile meissner's corpuscles bulbous ruffini corpuscles lamellar pacinian corpuscles
48
tactile meissner's corpuscles detect
light, movement, and vibration
49
bulbous ruffini corpuscles detect
pressure and distortion of skin
50
lamellar pacinian corpuscles detect
deep pressure, pulsation, vibration
51
prop;rioceptors monitor
position of joints, tension in tendons/ligaments, and state of muscualr contraction
52
two types of proprioceptors
muscle spindles golgi tendon organs
53
chemoreceptors detect
small changes in the concentration of specific chemicals/compounds
54
chemoreceptors respond to
substance dissolved in surrounding fluid
55
chemorecepotors in the
carotid and aoritc bodies detect changes ph,co2, o2
56
olfaction involes
detection of airborne chemicals dissolved in fluids that coat nasal membranes
57
olfactory epithelium contains
olfactory sensory neurons supporting cells basal epithelial cells
58
lamina properia contains
olf bowman's glands blood vessels nerve loose ct
59
olfactory sensory neurons possess up to
20 cilia
60
lamina propria does the
actively secrete mucus
61
olfactor recepotrs are VERY
specific
62
humans have the amount of smell genes
400
63
each olfaction receptor can bind to
1+ odorants
64
humans can distinguish
10,000 diff odors
65
gustation detects
tastants dissolved in saliva
66
taste buds found throughout
oral cavity on lingual papille
67
gustatory cells are actually
epithelial cells
68
taste buds contain
gustatory epithelial cells basal epithelial cells
69
gustatory epithelial cells have multiple
types within each taste bud
70
gustatory epithelial cells project
microvilli into taste pore
71
perception of taste involves
sensory data regarding the texture and temp of food from CNV
72
taste bud CN order
CNVII facial nerve CNIX glossopharyngeal CNX vagus
73
80% of taste is
smell
74
gustatory discriminates
sweet sour salty bitter umami water
75
sweet gustation is by
sugars, alcohols, AA and lead salts
76
Sour gustation is by
acids
77
salty gustation is by
metal ions
78
bitter gustation is by
alkaloiods, quinine, nicotine, caffeine, and morphine
79
unami gustation by
glutatmate and aspartate savory
80
water gustation by
no flavor but present in pharynx
81
on tongue there are how many more receptors for acids than sweets
1,000x
82
10x more receptives for
bitter than for acids
83
taste is not regionalized on the
tongue
84
gustatory receptors also fiound on the
BODY
85
cells that line trachea can detect toxins with
bitter receptors

Biol 205 (45 decks)

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