CH 17-18 - Blood and Heart - Practice Exam

Question 1

An individual who is blood type AB negative can _____.

a.) receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with RH antigen
b.) donate to types A, B, and AB, but not to type O
c.) donate to all blood types in moderate amounts
d.) receive types A, B, and AB, but not type O

Answer 1

a.) receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with RH antigen

Question 2

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ____.

a.) decreasing heart contractility
b.) causing threshold to be reached more quickly
c.) blocking the action calcium
d.) causing a decrease in stroke volume

Answer 2

b.) causing threshold to be reached more quickly

Question 3

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ____.

a.) pump blood with greater pressure
b.) accommodate a greater volume of blood
c.) pump blood through a smaller valve
d.) expand the thoracic cage during diastole

Answer 3

a.) pump blood with greater pressure

Question 4

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

a.) pancreas
b.) liver
c.) kidney
d.) brain

Answer 4

c.) kidney

Question 5

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the _____.

a.) right atrium
b.) left atrium
c.) left ventricle
d.) right ventricle

Answer 5

b.) left atrium

Question 6

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by _____.

a.) locating the apex
b.) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
c.) finding the papillary muscles
d.) tracing out where the auricles connect

Answer 6

b.) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

Question 7

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia EXCEPT ______.

a.) low blood viscosity
b.) high blood pressure
c.) increased blood volume
d.) high hematocrit

Answer 7

a.) low blood viscosity

Question 8

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the _____.

a.) coronary sinus
b.) coronary veins
c.) coronary arteries
d.) fossa ovalis

Answer 8

c.) coronary arteries

Question 9

Platelets ______.

a.) are the precursors of leukocytes
b.) have a lifespan of about 120 days
c.) have multiple nuclei
d.) stick to the damaged area of blood vessel and help seal the break

Answer 9

d.) stick to the damaged area of blood vessel and help seal the break

Question 10

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

a.) aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart
b.) the mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
c.) the tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle
d.) the AV valves are supported by chordae tendineaea so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur

Answer 10

d.) the AV valves are supported by chordae tendineaea so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur

Question 11

When can erythroblastosis fetalis NOT possibly happen in the child of an Rh-negative mother?

a.) if the father is Rh+
b.) if the father is Rh-
c.) if the child is type O positive
d.) if the child is Rh+

Answer 11

b.) if the father is Rh-

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a phase of homeostasis?

a.) fibrinolysis
b.) vascular spasm
c.) coagulation
d.) platelet plug formation

Answer 12

a.) fibrinolysis

Question 13

When neither anti-A sera nor anti-B sera clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ______.

a.) O
b.) A
c.) AB
d.) B

Answer 13

a.) O

Question 14

Which vessels of the heart receives blood during right ventricular systole?

a.) aorta
b.) vena cava
c.) pulmonary trunk
d.) pulmonary veins

Answer 14

c.) pulmonary trunk

Question 15

Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the _____.

a.) pectinate muscles
b.) vena cava
c.) trabeculae carneae
d.) papillary muscles

Answer 15

d.) papillary muscles

Question 16

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

a.) 7.75-7.85
b.) 4.65-4.75
c.) 7.35-7.45
d.) 8.35-8.45

Answer 16

c.) 7.35-7.45

Question 17

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ____.

a.) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration
b.) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
c.) no change in blood pressure but a slower hear rate
d.) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac ooutput

Answer 17

b.) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

Question 18

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ____.

a.) cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells
b.) has more nuclei per cell
c.) lacks striations
d.) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

Answer 18

d.) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

Question 19

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.

a.) the influx of potassium ions from extracellular courses is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction
b.) each cardiac muscle cell is innervated by a sympathetic nerve ending so that the nervous system can increase heart rate
c.) the refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle
d.) the entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all

Answer 19

d.) the entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all

Question 20

Which blood type is called the universal donor?

a.) A
b.) O
c.) AB
d.) B

Answer 20

b.) O

Question 21

Fred’s blood was determined to be AB-positive. What does this mean?

a.) blood lacks Rh factor
b.) antibodies to A and B are present in the red blood cells
c.) there are no antibodies to A, B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma
d.) he can only receive blood from a donor who is AB-positive

Answer 21

c.) there are no antibodies to A, B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma

Question 22

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

a.) moving to a lower altitude
b.) hypoxia of EPO-producing cells
c.) decrease tissue demand for oxygen
d.) an increased number of RBCs

Answer 22

b.) hypoxia of EPO-producing cells

Question 23

The mot abundant plasma protein is ____.

a.) albumin
b.) bile
c.) clotting protein
d.) globulin

Answer 23

a.) albumin

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT part of the conduction system of the heart?

a.) AV valve
b.) bundle of His
c.) SA node
d.) AV node

Answer 24

a.) AV valve

Question 25

Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation. a.) The main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver. b.) Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life. c.) Before the seventh month of fetal development, yellow marrow is the main site of blood cell formation. d.) Yellow marrow is the main site of leukocyte formation.

Answer 25

b.) Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life.

Question 26

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ____. a.) ventricular depolarization b.) atrial depolarization c.) atrial repolarization d.) ventricular repolarization

Answer 26

b.) atrial depolarization

Question 27

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? a.) excitation of the SA node b.) friction of blood against the chamber walls c.) closure of heart valves d.) opening and closing of the heart valves

Answer 27

c.) closure of heart valves

Question 28

A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of _____. a.) polycythemia b.) aplastic anemia c.) pernicious anemia d.) sickle-cell anemia

Answer 28

c.) pernicious anemia

Question 29

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ____. a.) eosinophils b.) neutrophils c.) monocytes d.) basophils

Answer 29

c.) monocytes

Question 30

During the period of ventricular filling ____. a.) it is represented by the P wave on the ECG b.) pressure in the heart is at its peak c.) the atria remains in diastole d.) blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles

Answer 30

d.) blood flows passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles

Question 31

Isovolumetric contraction _____. a.) occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close b.) occurs only in people with heart valves c.) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers d.) occurs while the AV valves are open

Answer 31

c.) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

Question 32

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. a.) fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart b.) myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts c.) the heart chambers are lined by the endomysium d.) connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential

Answer 32

b.) myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts

Question 33

Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? a.) they are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood b.) they are nucleated c.) they are phagocytic d.) they have cytoplasmic granules

Answer 33

b.) they are nucleated

Question 34

Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole? a.) pulmonary arteries only b.) aorta only c.) pulmonary veins only d.) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 34

d.) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 35

Select the correct statement about cardiac output. a.) if a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end-systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased b.) a slow heart rate increases end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction c.) decreased venous return will result in increased end-diastolic volume d.) stroke volume increases if end-diastolic volume decreases

Answer 35

b.) a slow heart rate increases end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction

Question 36

The tricuspid valve is closed _______. a.) while the atrium is contracting b.) when the ventricle is in systole c.) while the ventricle is in diastole d.) by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle

Answer 36

b.) when the ventricle is in systole