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BIO 232 > Week 3 - Quiz > Flashcards

Week 3 - Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Which neurons of the motor output of the nervous system are most highly myelinated?

a. Sympathetic nervous system.
b. Somatic nervous system.
c. Parasympathetic nervous system.

A

B. Somatic nervous system

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2
Q

Which autonomic nervous system receptor type is only found within the sympathetic nervous system?

a. Nicotinic receptors.
b. Beta receptors.
c. Muscarinic receptors.

A

b. Beta receptors.

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3
Q

What types of sensory information does the autonomic nervous system monitor with interoceptors to aid homeostatic maintenance?

a. Pressure.
b. Chemical composition.
c. All listed options are sensory components that ANS monitors.
d. Temperature.
e. Osmolarity.

A

c. All listed options are sensory components that ANS monitors.

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4
Q

Examine the homework for this week (pg. 3 from the study guide Homework section). Regarding question three, what dermatome level is
the likely location of the navel (belly button)?

a. T7-T9.
b. T9-T11.
c. S1-S2.
d. T12.
e. T6.

A

b. T9-T11.

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5
Q

Which neurons of the autonomic nervous system release norepinephrine?

a. Postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.
b. Postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system.
c. Preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic nervous system.
d. Preganglionic neurons in sympathetic nervous system.

A

a. Postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system.

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6
Q

Remember that neurotransmitters and receptors must be specific to each other. Which autonomic nervous system receptor does NOT
respond to acetylcholine?

a. Muscarinic receptors.
b. Nicotinic receptors.
c. Alpha receptors.

A

c. Alpha receptors.

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7
Q

The preganglionic sympathetic neurons originate in what region of the spinal column.

a. C1-C7.
b. T1-T2.
c. T1-L2.
d. S2-S4.
e. Brainstem.

A

c. T1-L2.

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8
Q

Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

a. All of the listed options are controlled by ANS.
b. Skeletal muscle.
c. Smooth muscles.
d. Most glands.
e. Cardiac muscle.

A

b. Skeletal muscle.

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9
Q

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of what?

a. Sympathetic innervation.
b. Vagus nerve activity.
c. Neurosecretory substances.
d. Somatic nervous system innervation.
e. Parasympathetic innervation.

A

a. Sympathetic innervation.

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10
Q

What type of information do Golgi tendon organs measure?
a. Pain.
b. Photons of light.
c. Muscle tension (force).
d. Muscle length.
e. Mechanical stimulation.

A

c. Muscle tension (force).

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11
Q

Examine the homework for this week (pg. 3 from the study guide Homework section). Regarding question two, what portion of the
dermatome is associated with a patient’s fingers being numb, but their thumb has normal sensation?

a. C7 and C8 are affected.
b. C5 is affected.
c. T1 is affected.
d. C8 and T1 are affected.
e. C5 and C6 are affected.

A

a. C7 and C8 are affected.

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12
Q

Rami communicantes are important for serving what function?

a. Autonomic nervous system (ANS).
b. Motor and sensation of the limbs and anterior trunk of the body.
c. Motor and sensation of the posterior structures of the face and neck.
d. Motor and sensation of the anterior structures of the face and neck.
e. Motor and sensation of the posterior trunk of the body.

A

a. Autonomic nervous system (ANS).

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13
Q

What type of information do muscle spindles measure?

a. Muscle length.
b. Mechanical stimulation.
c. Pain.
d. Photons of light.
e. Muscle tension (force).

A

a. Muscle length.

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14
Q

Identify the correct statement about flexor (withdrawal) reflexes when compared to crossed-extensor reflexes.

a. Both reflexes involve interneurons that send excitatory and inhibitory signals to agonist muscles (e.g., biceps versus triceps) to
coordinate the correct motor output.
b. Both reflexes are polysynaptic.
c. Both reflexes involve withdrawing of a threatened limb (arm or leg for example).
d. All listed options are accurate comparisons of these reflexes.
e. Both reflexes involve an ipsilateral response.

A

d. All listed options are accurate comparisons of these reflexes.

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15
Q

Which autonomic nervous system receptor leads to a stimulatory response because the receptor is a gated channel that opens leading to
depolarization?

a. Muscarinic receptors.
b. Nicotinic receptors.
c. Beta receptors.
d. Alpha receptors.

A

b. Nicotinic receptors.

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16
Q

Through which pathway do nerve signals enter the sympathetic trunk ganglia?

a. Gray rami communicantes.
b. White rami communicantes.

A

b. White rami communicantes.

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17
Q

Examine the case study for this week (pg. 3 from the study guide Case Study section). What is the function of administering mannitol to a
patient with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP)?

a. Mannitol creates a concentration gradient leading to osmosis and decreases swelling.
b. Mannitol is an alternate energy source for the injured brain facilitating increased healing.
c. All listed options are accurate.
d. Mannitol binds to excess neurotransmitters reducing erroneous signaling in the brain.
e. Mannitol inhibits inflammatory signals in the brain and decreases swelling.

A

a. Mannitol creates a concentration gradient leading to osmosis and decreases swelling.

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18
Q

Which statement matches the organization of pre and postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous?

a. Long preganglionic neuron and short postganglionic neuron.
b. Short to mid-length preganglionic neurons and a longer or mid-length postganglionic neuron.
c. Short preganglionic neuron and a long postganglionic neuron.

A

a. Long preganglionic neuron and short postganglionic neuron.

19
Q

What fiber type of the autonomic nervous system are known as cholinergic.

a. Neurons pre or postganglionic that release acetylcholine.
b. Neurons pre or postganglionic that release norepinephrine.
c. Only preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic nervous system.
d. Only preganglionic neurons in sympathetic nervous system.

A

a. Neurons pre or postganglionic that release acetylcholine.

20
Q

A dermatome is used to diagnose a patient’s condition and the clinician deduces damage associated with C8. What does this mean?

a. Paralysis has occurred at level C8 and now the patient is paraplegic.
b. Cervical nerve 8 is damaged leading to motor and or sensory issues at that level.
c. Cranial nerve 8 is damaged leading to motor and or sensory issues at that level.
d. Paralysis has occurred at level C8 and now the patient is quadriplegic.

A

b. Cervical nerve 8 is damaged leading to motor and or sensory issues at that level.

21
Q

Examine the case study for this week (pg. 3 from the study guide Case Study section). Consider question 3, what symptom is associated
with brainstem compression?

a. Blindness.
b. Bradypnea (low breathing rate).
c. Ringing in the ears.

A

b. Bradypnea (low breathing rate).

22
Q

Consider adrenergic receptors of the cardiovascular system. Which receptor OR structure is associated with inhibitory responses in the
sympathetic nervous system?

a. Beta two receptors.
b. Alpha receptors.
c. The heart.
d. Beta one receptors.
e. Blood vessels of skin, mucosa, and the viscera.

A

a. Beta two receptors.

23
Q

Examine the homework for this week (pg. 3 from the study guide Homework section). Regarding question 5, which level of damage would
allow greater muscle strength to be maintained?

a. If the damage occurs at a lower level (between C4-C5) more nerve inputs would be maintained allowing greater strength of
respiratory muscles.

b. If the damage occurs at a higher level (between C3-C4) more nerve inputs would be maintained allowing greater strength of
respiratory muscles.

A

a. If the damage occurs at a lower level (between C4-C5) more nerve inputs would be maintained allowing greater strength of
respiratory muscles.

24
Q

The phrenic nerve is associated with which plexus and innervates what structure?

a. Associated with the lumbar plexus and innervates the digestive system.
b. Associated with the cervical plexus and innervates the diaphragm.
c. Associated with the brachial plexus and innervates the upper extremities.
d. Associated with the sacral plexus and innervates the lower limb.

A

b. Associated with the cervical plexus and innervates the diaphragm.

25
Q

What is the best explanation for sympathetic responses being more widespread throughout the body compared to parasympathetic?
a. The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system are short.
b. The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system are long.
c. The sympathetic trunk ganglion and heavy preganglionic neuron myelination allow faster signals than preganglionic
parasympathetic nerves.
d. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of sympathetic response, not just as neurotransmitters.
e. Inactivation of Ach is slow.

A

d. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of sympathetic response, not just as neurotransmitters.

26
Q

What receptor facilitates posture regulation if we begin to lose our balance (e.g., if a person bumps you and you start to sway forward)?

a. Photoreceptor.
b. Mechanoreceptor.
c. Muscle spindle.
d. Nociceptor.
e. Golgi tendon organs.

A

c. Muscle spindle.

27
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates structures below the head and neck and is unique in this respect.

a. Facial.
b. Olfactory.
c. Vagus.
d. Optic.
e. Trigeminal.

A

c. Vagus.

28
Q

Review the brief tutorial on second messenger systems. Identify the component that is the second messenger.

a. G protein.
b. Membrane enzyme.
c. The entire process is the second messenger, not just a single element of the system.
d. cAMP or cGMP molecule (c stands for cyclic).
e. Initial chemical signal (e.g., neurotransmitter).

A

d. cAMP or cGMP molecule (c stands for cyclic).

29
Q

Which cranial nerve is the first (cranial nerve 1)?

a. Abducens.
b. Trochlear.
c. Oculomotor.
d. Olfactory.
e. Optic.

A

d. Olfactory.

30
Q

Which plexus serves the anterior muscles and surface of the thigh, calf, and foot?

a. Sacral.
b. Cervical.
c. Lumbar.
d. Coccygeal.
e. Brachial.

A

c. Lumbar.

31
Q

Consider the organization of the sympathetic nervous system. What pathway of the sympathetic nervous system are referred to as
collateral ganglia?

a. Those pathways entering the sympathetic trunk ganglia and ascend before synapsing.
b. Those pathways entering the sympathetic trunk ganglia and continuing to a ganglion closer to the target organ before
synapsing.
c. Those pathways entering the sympathetic trunk ganglia and descend before synapsing.
d. All of these pathways are collateral ganglia.

A

b. Those pathways entering the sympathetic trunk ganglia and continuing to a ganglion closer to the target organ before
synapsing.

32
Q

Which receptor form is associated with pain sensation?

a. Chemoreceptor.
b. Thermoreceptor.
c. Mechanoreceptor.
d. Photoreceptor.
e. Nociceptor.

A

e. Nociceptor.

33
Q

Identify the pathway(s) that is or are associated with the sympathetic trunk ganglion and motor output from sympathetic nervous system.

a. Neurons can enter the trunk ganglion and emerge without synapsing within the ganglion.
b. Neurons can enter the trunk ganglion and synapse in that ganglion.
c. Neurons that serve the viscera makeup a specialized set known as splanchnic nerves.
d. All listed options are associated with trunk ganglion and or motor pathways of sympathetic nervous system.
e. Neurons can enter the trunk ganglion and ascend or descend before synapsing at a different level.

A

d. All listed options are associated with trunk ganglion and or motor pathways of sympathetic nervous system.

34
Q

How many plexuses do humans have?

a. Four.
b. Two.
c. Five.
d. One.
e. Three.

A

a. Four.

35
Q

Which branch of the nervous system is known as the craniosacral division?

a. Sympathetic nervous system.
b. Somatic nervous system.
c. Parasympathetic nervous system.
d. Sensory nervous system.

A

c. Parasympathetic nervous system.

36
Q

Beta blockers could have what beneficial impact on human physiology?

a. Decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
b. Increase bronchiole constriction.
c. Increase a dangerously low heart rate.
d. Increase smooth muscle tone (activity) throughout the body.
e. They act as potent antidepressants.

A

a. Decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

37
Q

What structure is a purely sensory pathway for information?

a. Ventral root.
b. Ventral ramus.
c. Dorsal root.
d. Dorsal ramus.

A

c. Dorsal root

38
Q

Identify the output that would NOT be created by the parasympathetic output.

a. The lens of the eye accommodates for close vision.
b. Increased digestive system activity.
c. Pupils dilate.
d. Decreased respiratory rate.
e. Decreased heart rate.

A

c. Pupils dilate.

39
Q

Which cranial nerve regulates motor control of the tongue and throat and facilitates some taste sensation.

a. Vestibulocochlear nerve.
b. Abducens nerve.
c. Hypoglossal nerve.
d. Glossopharyngeal nerve.
e. Accessory nerve.

A

d. Glossopharyngeal nerve.

40
Q

What receptor causes reflexive relaxation of a contracting muscle when they are stimulated?

a. Mechanoreceptor.
b. Muscle spindle.
c. Photoreceptor.
d. Nociceptor.
e. Golgi tendon organs.

A

e. Golgi tendon organs.

41
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves do humans have?

a. Eight.
b. Two.
c. Seven.
d. One.
e. Five.

A

a. Eight.

42
Q

Identify the output that would NOT be created by the sympathetic output.

a. Increased blood flow to the digestive system.
b. Increased cardiac output.
c. Liver increases glucose.
d. Bronchioles dilate.
e. Increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles.

A

a. Increased blood flow to the digestive system.

43
Q

Which cranial nerve is important for sensation of the head and face?

a. Trochlear.
b. Vestibulocochlear.
c. Optic.
d. Trigeminal.
e. Facial.

A

d. Trigeminal.

44
Q

Examine the case study for this week (pg. 3 from the study guide Case Study section). What nerve is associated with the symptoms
indicated in question 1.

a. Optic nerve.
b. Trochlear nerve.
c. Oculomotor nerve.
d. Trigeminal nerve.
e. Olfactory nerve.

A

c. Oculomotor nerve.

BIO 232 (63 decks)

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