Week 6-7 - Study Guide - Part 4 Flashcards
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol & Cortisones) released by
The middle Cortex of the Adrenal Cortex
Glucocorticoids regulate…
- metabolism
- vasoconstricts (BP drives up)
- inhibits inflammation (immunity) to keep our immune system from going crazy
- Promotes rises in blood glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids
How does the metabolic effect (gluconeogenesis) work?
gluco = glucose
neo = new
genesis = in beginning
E.G. protein –> Amino Acids –> glucose in liver
Gluconeogenesis
Process when you take something that was not glucose and convert it into glucose
What can you use to perform gluconeogenesis?
Protein or fat can convert into glucose
Why do we want to perform gluconeogenesis?
- it is easy to obtain protein and lipids form diet or body
- so - in times of stress - we can increase the amount of glucose available at the liver
- and release into the blood stream so our cells throughout the body that are dealing with the stress of getting up and doing activity are bale to have the energy to keep their body going.
Having a rise in blood glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids floating around in bloodstream could be damaging to the body in a person with…
Chronic stress
Imbalances of Glucocorticoids:
Hypersecretion of Cortisol causes what condition?
Cushing’s Syndrome
associated with the overproduction of cortisol
S/S of Cushing’s Syndrome?
- Hyperglycemia
- Redistribution of body fat (buffalo hump”
- Bruise easily, poor wound healing
- Loss of body protein - loss of muscle mass more fat deposits
What is the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome?
Removal of pituitary or adrenals
Because the ACTH is causing release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
So- if you go after the pituitary gland or the adrenals you might be able to help
Where is the problem in Cushing’s syndrome?
Adrenal gland overproducing
Where is the problem in Cushing’s disease?
The pituitary is overproducing ACTH
Imbalances of Glucocorticoids:
Hyposecretion of Cortisol causes what condition?
A life-threatening condition if left untreated
Addison’s Disease
A life-threatening condition if left untreated
S/S of Addison’s Disease
- Rapid weight loss
(due to burning the body’s fuel inefficiently or inappropriately - Hypoglycemia
(low cortisol - not able to move glucose out of storage/perform gluconeogenesis) - Bronzing of the skin
- Fatal if untreated
Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones) in
Inner Cortex of adrenal cortex
Primary function of Gonadocorticoids
Supplement release of hormones released in ovaries and testes
- Androgen
- Testosterone
- Estrogen
May contribute to:
1. onset of puberty
2. appearance of secondary sex characteristics
3. sex drive
Adrenal Medulla releases:
NE/E
E=Fear
NE=Anger
remember - sympathomimetic
Percentage of E vs NE
E = 80%
NE = 20%
Epinephrine is all about (fear)
F/F
METABOLIC
- Metabolic Activities,
- Bronchial dilation (more air)
- Blood flow to skeletal muscles and heart
Norepinephrine is all about (anger)
F/F
CARDIOVASCULAR
- Cardiovascular
- Peripheral vasoconstriction
- BP goes up
- Heart rate goes up
- Stroke Volume goes up
vasoconstriction drives BP up
road rage NE
Glycosuria
Increased urine glucose level
- Hyperglycemia
- Kidneys ability to conserve glucose is exceeded
- Glycosuria
Polyuria
Increased volume of urine
- Hyperglycemia
- Kidneys ability to conserve glucose is exceeded
- Water follows glucose into urine by osmosis
- Polyuria
Polydipsia
Dehydrated
Increased Thirst
- Hyperglycemia
- Kidneys ability to conserve glucose is exceeded
- Water follows glucose into urine by osmosis
- Net water loss from body
- polydipsia
Acidosis
- Decreased glucose available for cellular respiration
- Shift from using CHO to using fat
- Production of ketone bodies
- Acidosis
