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Anatomy Lecture > Ch. 4- Tissues Part 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 4- Tissues Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues?

A

Collections of cells and cell products that perform specific, limited functions

From same region of embryo

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2
Q

What is histology?

A

study of tissues

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3
Q

What is cytology?

A

study of cells

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4
Q

What is a longitudinal section?

A

tissue cut along the longest direction of an organ

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5
Q

What is a cross section?

A

tissue cut perpendicular to length of an organ

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6
Q

What is a oblique section?

A

tissue cut at an angle b/n cross and longitudinal section

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7
Q

Are CT cells widely separated by matrix?

A

yes

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8
Q

Are epithelial and muscle cells widely separated by matrix?

A

No

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9
Q

What makes up the matrix?

A

Fibrous protein (elastin, collagen)

Ground Substance

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10
Q

What is ground substance?

A

supports, binds, stores water and provides a medium for exchange of substances b/n cells and blood

Contains:

  • water
  • various large molecules

may be fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous, calcified

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

1) Epithelial
2) CT
3) Muscle
4) Neural

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12
Q

What is the 4 functions of epithelial tissue?

A

1) physical protection
2) control permeability
3) provide sensation
4) produce specialized secretions

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13
Q

What does CT do?

A

fills internal spaces

provides structural support for other tissues

transports materials w/n the body

stores energy

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14
Q

What does muscle tissue do?

A

specialized for contraction

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15
Q

What does neural tissue do?

A

carries info from one part of the body to another via electrical impulses

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelial tissue?

A

1) covering and lining epithelia

2) glandular epithelia

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17
Q

What is covering/ lining epithelia?

A

external body surfaces

lines internal surfaces of body cavities, hollow organs, ducts and passageways

18
Q

What is glandular epithelia?

A

secretory tissue in glands

19
Q

What is the apical surface?

A

upper, free surface that faces the exterior of the body and internal space of body cavity, cavity of internal organ, and passageway or duct

may bear microvilli and cilia

20
Q

What is the basal surface?

A

lower, attached surface

attached to the noncellular basal lamina which consists of proteins

21
Q

What is cellularity?

A

epithelia are composed of closely packed cells

22
Q

What is attachment?

A

the basal surface of the deepest layer of epithelial cells attach to underlying basement membrane

23
Q

What is avascularity?

A

obtain nutrients from blood vessels in adjacent CT by diffusion and absorption

24
Q

What is regeneration?

A

cells are continuously replaced through the division of stem cells in the epithelia

25
Q

What are the 2 layers the basement membrane consist of?

A

1) basal lamina

2) reticular lamina

26
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

layer of ECM

secreted by the epithelial cells on which epithelium sits

27
Q

What is the reticular lamina?

A

thin layer of extracellular layer

composed chiefly of collagen fibers produced by fibroblasts

serves to anchor the basal lamina to underlying CT

28
Q

Do epithelia have microvilli and cilia?

A

yes

29
Q

What are cell junctions?

A

specialized areas of the plasma membrane that attach a cell to another cell and extracellular materials

30
Q

What are 3 common types of cell junctions?

A

1) gap junctions or communicating junctions
2) tight (occluding) junctions
3) desmosomes

31
Q

What are Cell adnhesion molecules (CAMs)?

A

transmembrane proteins that connect the plasma membrane of adjacent epithelial cells

32
Q

What are connexins in gap junctions?

A

gap junction proteins

in adjacent cell membranes interlock to form connexons b/n the 2 cells

33
Q

What are connexons in gap junctions?

A

hollow cylinders

form when connexins in adjacent cell membrane interlock

form narrow passageways b/n adjacent cells

34
Q

What do gap junctions do?

A

allow rapid communication

allow small solutes to pass b/n cells

coordinate contractions in heart muscle

35
Q

What are tight (occluding) junctions?

A

consists of interlocking membrane proteins b/n adjacent plasma membranes

prevent substances and bacteria from passing b/n cells

found in GI and urinary tract

inferior to tight junctions, a continuous adhesion belt forms

36
Q

What are adhesion belts?

A

zonula adherens or adherens junction

inferior to the tight junctions

consists of plaque, a dense layer of proteins, that attach to and encircles the cytoplasmic side of membrane

37
Q

What are transmembrane proteins of the adhesion belt?

A

adjacent cells are anchored in the dense area w/n each cell

these proteins extend into the intercellular space b/n adjacent cells attach to each other

38
Q

What are the terminal web of the adhesion belt?

A

located on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane

consists of a horizontal network of microfilaments and intermediate filaments

serves as attachment site for the bundles of actin filaments of microvilli

39
Q

What are desmosome?

A

transmembrane proteins link the plasma membrane to either an adjacent plasma membrane or basement membrane

40
Q

What are spot desmosomes?

A

transmembrane proteins of adjacent cells are anchored in a dense area w/n each cell

extend into the intercellular space b/n the adjacent cells and attach to each other

dense area is connected to the cytoskeleon

41
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

transmembrane proteins of adjacent cells are anchored in a dense area w/n each cell

helps anchor the ceel to underlying tissue

42
Q

What are the 2 functions of desmosomes?

A

1) help to resist stretching and twisting tissue

2) help prevent tearing and separation of tissue

Anatomy Lecture (17 decks)

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