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Anatomy Lecture > Ch. 5- Integumentary Ststem > Flashcards

Ch. 5- Integumentary Ststem Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the largest organ system of the body that 16% of our body weight?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is the body’s first line of defense?

A

Skin

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3
Q

What does the skin consist of?

A

Cutaneous membrane

  • epidermis
  • dermis

Accessory structures

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4
Q

What is the cutaneous membrane?

A

Epidermis (superficial layer)
- keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Dermis (deep layer)

  • CT
  • extensive network of blood vessels and sensory receptors
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5
Q

What are the accessory structures?

A

Originate in dermis

Extend through the epidermis to skin surface

  • hair
  • nails
  • multicellular exocrine glands
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6
Q

What is the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)?

A

Also called superficial fascia

Deep to the dermis

Consists of

  • loose CT
  • adipose tissue

Separates into the mend from the deep fascia around other organs

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7
Q

What is the protection of the integumentary system consist of?

A

Protection of underlying tissues and organs against impact, abrasion, fluid loss, and chemical attacks

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8
Q

What does the integumentary system secrete?

A

Excretion of salt, water, organic waste (glands)

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9
Q

How does integumentary system maintain body temperature?

A

Insulation and evaporation

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10
Q

What does melanin do?

A

Protects tissue from UV radiation

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11
Q

What does Keratin do?

A

Protects against abrasion and acts as a water repellent

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12
Q

What does vitamin D3 do?

A

Increases calcium absorption

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13
Q

Where does the integumentary system store lipids?

A

Adipocytes

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14
Q

What does integumentary system detect?

A

Touch

Pain

Pressure

Pain

Vibration

Temp

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15
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

Most abundant cells of epidermis

Produce keratin- a tough, fibrous protein

Held together by desmosomes

Organized into layers (strata)

Originate in the stratum germinativum and migrate to skin surface

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16
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Found in the deepest layer of the epidermis (stratum germinativum)

Synthesize pick me melanin in vesicles

Vesicles transferred to keratinocytes

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17
Q

What are langerhans cells (epidermal dendritic cells)?

A

Arise from bone Marrow and migrate to the epidermis (stratus spinosum)

Participate in immune responses against micro organisms that penetrate the epidermis and superficial skin cancers

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18
Q

What are merkel cells (tactile cells)?

A

Modified epithelial cells

Located at the epidermal-dermal junction

Associated with a disk-like (tactile disc) sensory nerve endings

Respond to light touch and light pressure

When compressed they release chemicals that stimulate the tactile discs of sensory nerve endings

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19
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Avascular

Nutrients and oxygen are obtained via diffusion from capillaries in the dermis

Keratinocytes are the most abundant cells

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20
Q

What is thin skin?

A

Covers most of the body

Consists of four layers (strata) of keratinocytes

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21
Q

What is thick skin?

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A

Found in areas were exposure to friction is the greatest

Includes:

  • fingertips
  • Palms
  • sole of feet

Consist of five layers of keratinocytes

22
Q

What are the five strata of keratinocytes from free surface to basal lamina?

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A

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum (in thick skin)

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Germinativum (Basale)

Mnemonic: can Lucy get some bagels

23
Q

What is the stratum germinativum?

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A

Basal layer

Has many germinative stem cells or basal cells

Attached to basal lamina by hemidesmosomes

Contains:

  • keratinocytes
  • melanocytes
  • merkel/ tactile cells
24
Q

What is the epidermal ridges of the stratum germinativum?

Study These Flashcards
A

Downward projections of the epidermis into the dermis

The project between the dermal papillae of the papillary region

Increases the surface area

25
What is the dermal papillae of the stratum germinativum?
Upward projections of the dermis into the epidermis Increases the surface area
26
The contours of the skin surface follow what in the stratum germinativum?
Epidermal ridge patterns Epidermal Ridges of feet, palms and fingertips
27
What is the stratus spinosum?
“Spiny layer” Cels look like pincushions Produced by division of stratum germinativum Consist of 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes bound by desmosomes- Continue to divide, increasing thickness of epithelium Contain langerhans cells (dendritic cells)- active in immune response
28
What is the the stratum granulosum?
“Grainy layer” Consist of 3 to 5 layers of keratinocytes In this layer most cells have stop dividing and started producing the proteins (keratin and keratohyalin- granules of protein involved in formation of keratin) The keratinocytes begin to undergo apoptosis
29
What is the stratum lucidum?
“Clear layer” Appears as a thin translucent band just superficial to the stratum granulosum Found only in thick skin Consists of 2 to 3 layers of dead keratinocytes
30
What is the stratum corneum?
Exposed surface of skin 15 to 30 layers of keratinized cells Water resistant The surface is coded with lipid secretions from sebaceous glands Takes 7 to 10 days for sale to move from stratum germinativum to corneum The dead cells generally remain in exposed stratum corneum for an additional two weeks before the shed or Wash away
31
What 2 pigments is skin color influence by?
Carotene Melanin
32
What is dermal circulation?
RBCs Contain hemoglobin Heme is a pigment that gives whole blood it’s red color Dilation and constriction of dermal capillaries will affect the color of the skin
33
What is carotene?
Orange yellow pigment found in orange vegetables Accumulates in epidermal cells and fatty tissues of the dermis and hypodermis Can be converted to vitamin A (for vision and epidermal health)
34
What is melanin?
2 types: - pheomelanin- red/ yellow - eumelanin- brown/ black Produced by melanocytes in stratum germinativum Stored in transport vesicles (Melanosomes) Transferred to keratinocytes Difference in skin color Do you to amount of melanin produced and type of melanin produced
35
What is the Dermis?
Located between the epidermis and hypodermis Angers epidermal accessory structures Has two major regions: - papillary region - reticular region There is no distinct water between regions Ink is inserted into the dermis for tattoos
36
What is the papillary region (superficial layer)?
Lies just deep to the epidermis Consists of areolar CT Contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, sensory receptors (tactile (merkel) discs, meissners (tactile) corpuscles and free nerve endings) Has dermal papillae projecting between epidermal ridges
37
What is the reticular region (deep layer)?
Consist of dense irregular CT (thick collagen fibers and elastic fibers) Contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels, sensory receptors (lamellated and ruffini corpuscles) and accessory structures
38
What is the hypodermis?
Also called the subcutaneous layer (superficial fascia) Lies deep to the reticular layer of the dermis Connected to the reticular layer of integument by CT fibers to stabilize the skin The boundary between the dermis and hypodermis is generally indistinct Consist of areolar CT and adipose tissue Has a limited number of capillaries and no vital organs Site of subcutaneous injections using hypodermic needle
39
What part of the human body is not covered with hair?
Palms Soles Lips Portions of external genitalia
40
True or false: Hair is a non-living structure of producing organs called hair follicles
True
41
What are the functions of hair?
Protects and insulated Guards openings against particles and insects Sensitive very light touch
42
Where is hair located and where does your project through?
Located in dermis Projects through the epidermis
43
What does hair mainly consist of?
Dead keratinized cells
44
Where does formation of hair begin?
Formation begins at the base of a hair follicle were a mass of epithelial cells forms a hair bulb
45
What is the base of hair surrounded by?
Sensory nerves (hair root plexus) Which allow you to send some movement of the hair
46
What is the arrector pili muscle?
A bundle of smooth muscle cells Extends from the papillary layer of the dermis to the CT sheath surrounding the hair follicle When stimulated Muscle contracts, pulling on the follicle, causing the hair to stand erect produces goosebumps
47
What is sebum found and what is it?
Found In sebaceous (oil) glands Oily substance Contains lipids, proteins and other ingredients Lubricates and protects epidermis Inhibits bacteria
48
What do sudoriferous (sweat) glands secrete?
Secrete a watery substance
49
What does ceruminous (wax) glands produce?
Cerumen (ear wax)
50
What do mammary glands produce?
Milk

Anatomy Lecture (17 decks)

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