Ch. 9- Synovial Joints Features

Question 1

What are the 6 features of synovial joints?

Answer 1

1) articular cartilage
2) joint cavity
3) articular capsule
4) synovial fluid
5) reinforcing ligaments
6) nerves and blood vessels

Question 2

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 2

Articulating surface of synovial joints are covered by this (hyaline cartilage)

Prevents bones from touching

Question 3

What is a joint cavity?

Answer 3

Joint space that contains synovial fluid

Question 4

What is articular capsule?

Answer 4

2 layers:

1) outer fibrous capsule (dense irregular CT)
2) inner synovial membrane

Continuous with periosteum

Strengthens the joint so the bones are not pulled apart

Question 5

What is synovial membrane?

Answer 5

CT membrane

Lines moving articulating joint cavities

Makes up inner layer if the articular capsule

No epithelium

Question 6

What are 2 things synovial membrane consists of?

Answer 6

1) CT
- areolar CT
- adipose tissue

2) discontinuous layer of cells
- synoviocytes (cells of synovial membrane)

Question 7

What are 2 types of synovial cells?

Answer 7

1) macrophage-like synovial cells (type A cells)

2) fibroblastic synovial cells (type B cells)

Question 8

What are macrophage-like synovial cells (type A cells)?

Answer 8

Remove wear and tear debris from synovial fluid

Question 9

What are fibroblastic synovial cells (type B cells)?

Answer 9

Produce hyaluronan

-acts as lubricant

Question 10

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 10

Fluid w/n the joint cavity

Lubricates the joint to reduce friction

Provides nutrients and waste disposal

Provides shock absorption

Question 11

What is a type of cartilaginous joints in amphiarthrosis joints?

Answer 11

Symphysis joints

Question 12

What are 2 things synovial fluid consist of?

Answer 12

1) interstitial fluid

2) hyaluronan

Question 13

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 13

Filtered from the blood plasma diffused from capillaries in the synovial membrane

Question 14

What is cartilage?

Answer 14

Fibrocartilage pads that separate the articulating surfaces

Helps cushion the joints
-ex: menisci

Question 15

What are fat pads?

Answer 15

Localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a synovial membrane

Superficial to the joint capsule

Protects articular cartilages

Question 16

What are ligaments?

Answer 16

Support and strengthens joints

Sprain is a ligament with torn collagen fibers

Question 17

What are tendons?

Answer 17

Not part of the joint

Pass across or around joint

May limit joint ROM

Provide mechanical support for the joint

Question 18

What is a bursa(e)?

Answer 18

Small fluid filled (synovial fluid) sac

Reduced friction between tissues

Cushion movements if these tissues hit against each other

Question 19

What does the bursa(e) sac consist of?

Answer 19

1) outer layer- dense CT

2) inner layer- synovial membrane

Question 20

Where is the bursa(e) located?

Answer 20

Skin and bones

Tendons and bones

Muscles and bones

Ligaments and bones

Question 21

What is a synovial tendon sheath?

Answer 21

A tube like bursa

Wraps around tendon where it crosses bone surfaces

Protects all sides of a tendon from friction as the tendon slides back and forth

Question 22

What is a labrum?

Answer 22

A fibrocartilaginous structure

Attached to rim of the acetabulum and Glenwood cavity

Helps deepen the joint socket

Question 23

What is hyaluronan?

Answer 23

Released by fibroblastic synovial cells (type B cells)

Question 24

What are 3 types of synovial joints?

Answer 24

1) monoaxial joints
2) biaxial joints
3) triaxial joints