Ch. 6- Bones Flashcards
(52 cards)
What are sutural (wormian) bones?
Small, flat, irregularly shaped bones between flat bones of the skull
What are irregular bones?
Have complex shapes
Don’t do not fit into any other categories
Exs:
- spinal vertebrae
- pelvic bones
What are short bones?
About Equal in length and width
Small and thick
Consist mainly of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone
Exs:
Ankle and wrist bones
What are sesamoid bones?
Small and flat
develop inside tendons near joints of knees, hands and feet
Ex: patella
What are flat bones?
Thin
Contains 2 layers of compact bone with a layer of spongy bone b/n cranium
Many are curved
Exs: Skull Sternum Ribs Scapulae
What are long bones?
Longer than they are wide
Consists mainly of compact bone in the diaphysis and spongy bone in epiphysis
Exs: Femur Tibia Humerus Radius Metacarpals Metatarsals Phalanges
What are bone markings and the different types?
Surface features, bones have characteristics
Exs:
- Depressions or groves
- Elevations or projections
- Openings
What are depressions or grooves?
A long bone surface when blood vessels or nerves lie
Exs:
Sulcus and fossa
What are elevations or projections?
Where tendons and ligaments attach
Articulations with other bones
Exs:
Processes and ramus
What are openings?
Where blood and nerves enter bone
Exs:
Foramen and canal
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
The shaft
Consist of a thick outer layer of compact bone that’s around a central medullary cavity
What is the epiphysis of a long bone?
The wide ends of bones
Exterior is compact bone and the interior is spongy bone
Consists of the part that articulates with other bones
The joint surface of the epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage
What is the metaphysis of a long bone?
Where diaphysis and epiphysis meet
What is compact bone?
Also known as cortical bone
The dense external layer of bone
What is spongy bone?
Also called trabecular or cancellous bone
Consists of an open network of struts or plates of bone tissue that resembles latticework
Open spaces b/n trabeculae are filled with red or yellow marrow
Do not have osteons
Consists of lamellae irregularly arranged in thin columns called trabeculae
Covered in endosteum
Always surrounded by layer of compact bone
What is an osteon (haversian system)?
Structural unit of compact bone
Consists of:
- concentric lamellae
- central canal (haversian canal)
- lacunae
- canaliculi
Each osteon is long tube like cylinder that is parallel to the long axis of the bone
What is a concentric lamellae?
Concentric rings of bone matrix arranged around a central canal
What is a central/ Haversian canal?
A passageway through the center of each osteon and runs parallel to the long axis of the bone
Contains:
- blood vessel
- lymphatic vessels
- nerves
What are lacunae?
Small cavities, in the bone matrix, that contain osteocytes
Located between concentric lamellae
What are canaliculi?
Narrow passageways in bone matrix that radiate out in all directions from the lacunae
Connect to Laguna with one another and with central canal
Provides a passageway for nutrients to reach the osteocytes and removal of waste products
What is the volmann’s/ perforating canal?
Passageways that run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone
Connects the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to those in the central canals and the medullary cavity
Lined with endosteum
What are interstitial lamellae?
Remanants of osteoid whose matrix have almost been completely recycled by osteoclasts
Fill in the spaces between osteons in compact bone
What are circumferential lamellae?
Outer circumferential lamellae- Located deep to the periosteum
Inner circumferential lamellae-
Located superficial to the medullary cavity
Is spongy or compact bone lighter?
Spongy bone
