Ch. 9- Synovial Joints Classifications

Question 1

What are the 6 synovial joint classifications?

Answer 1

1) gliding (plantar)
2) hinge
3) condylar (ellipsoidal)
4) saddle
5) pivot
6) ball and socket

Question 2

What is a gliding (plane) joint?

Answer 2

Flattened or slightly curved surfaces

Limited motion (mainly monoaxial)

Surfaces slide across one another

Exs:
Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints
Acromioclavicular joint
Vertebrocostal joint

Question 3

What are hinge (ginglymus) joints?

Answer 3

Convex surface on one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone

Angular motion in 1 plane (monoaxial)
(Flexion and extension)

Exs:
Elbow joint
Knee joint
Interphalangeal joints

Question 4

What are condyloid (ellipsoid) joints?

Answer 4

Oval surface of one bone fits into the oval shaped depression of another bone

Motions in 2 planes (biaxial)

• flexion/ extension
• abduction/ adduction
• circumduction

Exs:
Radiocarpal joint
Metacarpophalangeal joints (2-5)

Question 5

What are saddle joints?

Answer 5

Saddle shaped surface of one bone articulated with the articular surface of another bone that fits into the saddle

Motion in 2 planes (biaxial)

• flexion/ extension
• abduction/ adduction
• circumduction

Ex:
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
-trapezium and thumb

Question 6

What are pivot joints?

Answer 6

Rounded surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly a ligament

Motion in 1 plane (monoaxial)
- rotation

Exs:
Atlanto- axial joint
Radio-ulnar joint

Question 7

What are ball and socket joints?

Answer 7

Ball like surface of one bone rests w/n a cup like depression of another bone

Motion in 3 planes (triaxial)

• flexion/ extension
• abduction/ adduction
• internal and external rotation
• circumduction

Exs:
Shoulder and hip joints