Ch. 5 Reactions (test 2)

Question 1

In _____________, the covalent and ionic bonds that hold elements and compounds together are broken and new bonds are formed.

Answer 1

Chemical reactions

Question 2

What would you observe if you carried out the following reaction?

Na₂CO_3(aq) + Cs_2(aq) ——-> CaCO_3(s) + Na⁺_(aq)

Answer 2

Formation of a precipitate (ppt)

Question 3

Balancing Chemical Equations:

N₂ + O₂ —–> N₂O

N₂ + O₂ —-> NO

Answer 3

2N₂ + O₂ —–> 2N₂O

N₂ + O₂ —-> 2NO

Question 4

Anytime that a substance is burned (reacts w/ O₂) an oxidation reacted called _______ takes place.

Answer 4

Combustion

Question 5

Balancing Chemical Equations:

CH_4(g) + O_2(g) —–> CO_{2(g) +} H₂O_(g)

Which type of reaction is taking place and what will the product always be in this type of reaction?

Answer 5

CH_4(g) + 2O_2(g) —–> CO_2(g) + 2H₂O_(g)

Anytime there is Oxygen it will be Combustion.

When C, O, & H is present in the reactant CO_2(g) + H₂O_(g) is the product.

Question 6

What type of reaction is Combustion?

Answer 6

Oxidation Reaction

Question 7

Which type of oxidation reaction is taking place?

C₃H_8(g) + 5O_2(g) —–> 3CO_2(g) + 4H₂O_(g)

Answer 7

Combustion reaction

Question 8

Types of reactions:

Which type of reaction is taking place?

2A + B —-> A₂B

Answer 8

Addition reactions

(also known as Synthesis & Condensation reactions)

Question 9

Types of reactions:

Which type of reaction is taking place?

AB —-> A + B

Answer 9

Decomposition reaction

Question 10

Types of reactions:

Which type of reaction is taking place?

A + BC —–> B + AC

Answer 10

Single replacement reaction

Question 11

Types of reactions:

Which type of reaction is taking place?

AB + CD —-> CB + AD

Answer 11

Double replacement reaction

Question 12

Oxidation and Reduction:

An atom is Oxidized if it ______ Oxygen, _______ Hydrogen, or involves the _______ of electrons.

Answer 12

Gains Oxygen

Loses Hydrogen

Loss of electrons

Question 13

Oxidation and Reduction:

An atom is Reduced if it _______ Oxygen, _______ Hydrogen, or involves the ______ of electrons.

Answer 13

Loses Oxygen

Gains Hydrogen

Gain of electrons

Question 14

Oxidation and Reduction:

Is carbon oxidized or is it reduced during this reaction?

CH_4(g) + O_2(g) —–> CO_(g) + H₂O_(g)

Answer 14

Oxidized

Question 15

Oxidation or Reduction?

1. ________ gains oxygen
2. ________ loses oxygen
3. _______ loses hydrogen
4. _______ gains hydrogen
5. ________ losses electrons
6. ________ gains electrons

Answer 15

1. Oxidation
2. Reduction
3. Oxidation
4. Reduction
5. Oxidation
6. Reduction

Question 16

Which functional group is present?

Answer 16

Alcohol

(OH)

Question 17

Which functional group is present?

Answer 17

Carboxylic Acid

Question 18

Which functional group is present?

Answer 18

Ester

Question 19

Reactions Involving Water:

In a ______ reaction, water is used to split a molecule.

Answer 19

Hydrolysis

(Hydro = Water / Lysis= Split)

Question 20

Reactions Involving Water:

In a _______ reaction, water is added to a double bond.

Answer 20

Hydration

Question 21

Reactions Involving Water:

Water removed to form a double bond is a _______ reaction.

Answer 21

Dehydration

Question 22

Reactions Involving Water:

Esters can be _______

Alkenes can be _______

Alcohols can be ________

Answer 22

Hydrolyzed

Hydrated

Dehydrated

Question 23

Hydrogenation of Alkenes (A Reduction Reaction):

Reduction reaction will have a ________ agent.

Answer 23

Reducing

Question 24

Hydrogenation of Alkenes (A Reduction Reaction):

Hydrogen gas (H₂) in the presence of platinum (Pt), catalyst, acts as a ___________.

Answer 24

Reducing Agent

Question 25

Hydrogenation of Alkenes (A Reduction Reaction): During hydrogenation, the carbon atoms in the alkene are reduced because they ____________ hydrogen atoms.

Answer 25

Gain

Question 26

Hydrogenation of Alkenes (A Reduction Reaction): What are the following agents and what is their purpose? NADPH, H⁺ NADH, H⁺ FADH₂

Answer 26

Biological Reducing Agents They deliver the equivalent of an H₂ molecule

Question 27

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous Define: Spontaneous

Answer 27

Continue to occur once they are started

Question 28

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous Define: Nonspontaneous

Answer 28

Will not run by themselves unless something keeps them going

Question 29

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a key factor in determining if the process is spontaneous or not.

Answer 29

Energy

Question 30

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous The loss of heat is __________ and the gain of heat is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

Spontaneous Nonspontaneous

Question 31

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous Exothermic is the _______ of heat. Exo = \_\_\_\_ Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous?

Answer 31

Release (-) Exo = Out Spontaneous

Question 32

Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous Endothermic is a _______ of heat. Endo = \_\_\_\_\_ Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous?

Answer 32

Gain (+) Endo = In Nonspontaneous

Question 33

Free Energy (G): A spontaneous process has a ______ change in energy. A nonspontaneous process has a _____ change in energy.

Answer 33

Negative (-) Positive (+)

Question 34

Free Energy (G): Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD⁺ + FAD + GDP + Pi ----\> 2CO₂ + CoA + 3NaDH + FADH₂ + GTP + 11Kcal/mol Change in energy = \_\_\_\_\_ Change in energy is ________ because of the release of energy. Spontaneous or Nonspontaneous?

Answer 34

Change in energy = -11kcal/mol Negative (-) Spontaneous (-)

Question 35

Free Energy (G): Increasing the temperature will make the molecules move \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 35

Faster

Question 36

Free Energy (G): Adding a catalyst (enzyme) will do what?

Answer 36

Speed up the reaction

Question 37

Free Energy (G): _glucose-6-phosphate ---\> glucose + phosphate + 3.3 kcal_ 1. What is the value of the change in energy for the reactants, in kcal/mol? 2. Is the reaction spontaneous? 3. How would you expect decreasing the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate to affect the reaction rate? 4. How would removing the enzyme affect the reaction rate?

Answer 37

## Footnote 1. -3.3 kcal/mol 2. Yes, because the change in energy is negative(-). 3. Decreasing concentration will decrease reaction rate 4. The reaction would slow or stop completely. Enzymes act as a catalyst.

Question 38

Identify the step in the cycle that involves **only** a **hydration** reaction

Answer 38

Step 7

Question 39

Substances that transport ions across cell membranes are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 39

Ionophones

Question 40

Mad cow disease is caused by infected proteinaceous particles called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 40

Prions

Question 41

Sepsis is a medical term related to infections, and ___________ are compounds that prevent infections.

Answer 41

Antiseptics

Question 42

There are two types of dental fillings, amalgam and composites, which one will respond to changes in temp? Why?

Answer 42

Amalgam, because it contains metal.

Question 43

Which compound is known to regulate blood pressure?

Answer 43

Nitric Oxide

Question 44

A high-energy form of electromagnetic radiation that is linked to skin cancer is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 44

UV Radiation

Question 45

This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of CO₂ in red blood cells to H₂CO₃ (carbonic acid) which breaks apart into the bicarbonate ion.

Answer 45

Carbonic Anhydrase

Question 46

What type of reaction is taking place when; 1-cyclopentene + H₂ react with a Pt catalyst? How would you draw the products?

Answer 46

Hydrogenation Break the double bond and place hydrogens when double bond once was.

Question 47

What type of reaction is taking place when; Cyclopentane with an OH attached reacts with a catalyst H⁺? How would you draw the products?

Answer 47

Dehydration Remove the OH and draw a double bond on the cyclopentane where the OH was once connected. *(don't draw out the H's or you need to do them all)*

Question 48

What type of reaction is taking place when; H₂O is added to an Ester with an H⁺ as a catalyst? How would you draw the product?

Answer 48

Ester Hydrolysis Break the bond at the Ester and add the OH and H to the spots that recently split. *(H goes to one side and HO goes to the other.)*