Ch. 7 Respiratory System Flashcards
(350 cards)
1
Q
Breathing helps regulate
A
the blood pH, helping maintain homeostasis of the body
2
Q
carbon dioxide (CO2)
A
Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolism
3
Q
cartilage
A
Tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone
4
Q
cilia
A
Minute, hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell
5
Q
diffuse
A
To move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces
6
Q
oxygen (O2)
A
Tasteless, odorless, colorless gas essential for human respiration
7
Q
pH
A
Symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
8
Q
serous membrane (serosa)
A
Thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes fluid that keeps membrane moist
9
Q
nasal cavity
A
chamber lined w/ mucosa/cilia
where air enters and is filtered/heated/moistened for journey into lungs
10
Q
The nasal cavity is divided into
A
right/left side by nasal septum (vertical partition of cartilage)
11
Q
Olfactory neurons are:
A
smell receptors covered with layer of mucus, located deep in nasal cavity, embedded among epithelial cells lining the nasal tract.
12
Q
3 sections of pharynx:
A
nasopharynx, posterior to the nose
oropharynx, posterior to the mouth,
laryngopharynx, superior to the larynx
13
Q
adenoids
A
collection of lymphoid tissue within the nasopharynx
aka pharyngeal tonsils
14
Q
palatine tonsils (location and function)
A
aka tonsils
located in oropharynx
protect opening to respiratory tract from microscopic organisms
15
Q
larynx
A
aka voice box
contains structures that make vocal sounds possible
short passage that joins the pharynx with trachea
16
Q
epiglottis
A
leaf-shaped structure on top of larynx
seals off air passage to lungs during swallowing
prevents food/liquids from obstructing air flow
17
Q
The trachea is composed of
A
smooth muscle embedded with C-shaped rings of cartilage, which provide rigidity to keep the air passage open.
18
Q
The trachea divides into two branches called
A
bronchi (singular, bronchus)
each branch leads to either the right or left lung
19
Q
The inner walls of the trachea and bronchi are composed of
A
MUCOUS MEMBRANE (MUCOSA) EMBEDDED W/ CILIA
- mucosa traps incoming particles
- cilia move entrapped material up into pharynx (expelled by coughing, sneezing, or swallowing)
20
Q
bronchi contain
A
C-shaped rings of cartilage
21
Q
Each bronchus divides into
A
smaller and smaller branches, eventually forming bronchioles.
22
Q
At the end of the bronchioles are
A
tiny air sacs called alveoli (singular, alveolus).
23
Q
pulmonary capillaries
A
SWAP CO2/O2 W/ THIN TISSUE MEMBRANES OF ALVEOLI
CO2 diffuses from in pulmonary capillaries into alveolar spaces, O2 from alveoli diffuses in blood
24
Q
How many lobes are in the lungs?
A
5 (3 in right lung and 2 in left)
25
mediastinum
space between the right and left lungs
| contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchi
26
pleura
serous membrane
covers lobes of lungs
folds over to line walls of thoracic cavity
27
visceral pleura
membrane lying closest to the lung
28
parietal pleura
membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
29
pleural cavity
space between visceral and parietal pleura
| contains lubricating fluid that allows visceral pleura to glide over parietal pleura during breathing.
30
diaphragm
large muscular partition between chest/abdominal cavities
| changes internal volume to produce pressure differential for ventilation
31
inspiration
diaphragm contracts, partially descends into abdominal cavity, decreases pressure in chest and draws air into lung
32
expiration
diaphragm relaxes, slowly reenters thoracic cavity, increases pressure in chest and air leaves the lungs
33
The intercostal muscles assist the diaphragm in changing the volume of the thoracic cavity by
elevating and lowering the rib cage
34
4 processes of respiration:
* pulmonary ventilation
* external respiration
* transport of respiratory gases
* internal respiration
35
pulmonary ventilation
BREATHING (inspiration and expiration)
largely involuntary response to changes in O2/CO2 levels
or nervous stimulation of diaphragm/intercostal muscles
36
external respiration
the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
37
transport of respiratory gases
the movement of O2 to body cells and CO2 to the lungs by means of the cardiovascular system
38
internal respiration
the exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and the blood in systemic capillaries.
39
Complete Anatomy Review (pg 184)
Respiratory System
40
The main function of the respiratory system is to
provide oxygen to the entire body and expel carbon dioxide from the body
41
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune
tonsils, adenoids, and other immune structures protect against pathogens entering respiratory passageways
42
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Cardiovascular
provides O2/ removes CO2 from cardiac tissue
43
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Digestive
* provides O2 needed for digestive functions.
* removes CO2 produced by organs of digestion.
* share the pharynx
44
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Endocrine
helps maintain stable pH required for proper functioning of endocrine glands
45
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Female Reproductive
* Respiratory rate increases in response to sexual activity.
| * Fetal respiration occurs during pregnancy.
46
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Male Reproductive
* Respiratory rate increases in response to sexual activity.
* helps maintain pH for gonadal hormone function.
* O2 supplied to reproductive structures to maintain viable sperm.
47
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Integumentary
• provides O2/ removes CO2 to maintain healthy skin.
48
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Musculoskeletal
* provides O2 for muscle contraction.
* provides O2 for bone development.
* removes CO2 produced by muscles.
49
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Nervous
provides O2 for brain/spinal cord/sensory organ functions
helps maintain a stable pH for neural function.
50
Functional relationship between respiratory system and
Urinary
* provides O2 /removes CO2 to maintain proper functioning of urinary structures.
* removes CO2 to assists urinary structures in regulating pH
51
nas/o
nose
52
rhin/o
nose
53
nose
nas/o
| rhin/o
54
nasal
pertaining to the nose
55
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
56
sept/o
septum
57
septoplasty
surgical repair of the septum
58
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
59
sinusotomy
incision of the sinus
60
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
61
pharryngoscope
instrument for examining the pharynx
62
adenoid/o
adenoids
63
adenoidectomy
removal of adenoids
64
tonsill/o
tonsils
65
peritonsillar
pertaining to around the tonsils
66
epiglott/o
epiglottis
67
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
68
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
69
laryngoplegia
paralysis of the larynx
70
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
71
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
72
bronchi/o
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
73
bronch/o
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
74
bronchus (plural, bronchi)
bronchi/o
| bronch/o
75
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
76
bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchus
77
bronchoscope
instrument for examining bronchii
78
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchiole
79
alveol/o
alveolus; air sac
80
alveolar
pertaining to the alveolus
81
pleur/o
pleura
82
pleuroscopy
visual examination of the pleura
83
pneum/o
air; lung
84
pneumon/o
air; lung
85
air; lung
pneum/o
| pneumon/o
86
pneumolith
stone of the lung
87
pneumonia
condition of the lung
88
pulmon/o
lung
89
pulmonogist
specialist in the study of lungs
90
anthrac/o
coal, coal dust
91
anthracosis
abnormal increase of coal dust
92
atel/o
incomplete; imperfect
93
atelectasis
incomplete dilation
94
coni/o
dust
95
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of lung dust
96
cyan/o
blue
97
cyanosis
abnormal condition of blue
98
lob/o
lobe
99
lobectomy
excision of the lobe
100
orth/o
straight
101
orthopnea
breathing straight
102
ox/o
oxygen
103
hypoxemia
blood condition of deficient oxygen
104
pector/o
chest
105
steth/o
chest
106
thorac/o
chest
107
chest
pector/o
steth/o
thorac/o
108
pectoralgia
pain in the chest
109
stethoscope
instrument for examining the chest
110
thoracopathy
disease of the chest
111
phren/o
diaphragm; mind
112
phrenospasm
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm
113
spir/o
breathe
114
spirometer
instrument for measure breathe
115
-capnia
carbon dioxide (CO2)
116
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide
117
-osmia
smell
118
anosmia
without smell
119
-phonia
voice
120
dysphonia
bad, painful, difficulty producing sound
121
-pnea
breathing
122
-apnea
without breathing
123
-ptysis
spitting
124
hemoptysis
spitting blood
125
-thorax
chest
126
hemothorax
blood in chest
127
brady-
slow
128
bradypnea
slow breathing
129
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
130
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
131
eu-
good, normal
132
eupnea
normal breathing
133
tachy-
rapid
134
tachypnea
rapid breathing
135
surgical puncture of the pleura
pleurocentesis
136
instrument for examining the bronchus
bronchoscope
137
excision of the tonsils
tonsillectomy
138
slow breathing
bradypnea
139
difficult voice
dysphonia
140
abnormal condition of blue(ness)
cyanosis
141
condition of decrease of oxygen
hypoxia
142
paralysis of the voice box
laryngoplegia
143
surgical repair of the septum
septoplasty
144
incision of the sinus
sinusotomy
145
excessive carbon dioxide
hypercapnia
146
good, normal breathing
eupnea
147
expansion of a bronchi
bronchiectasis
148
surgical repair of the nose
rhinoplasty
149
condition of the lungs
pneumonia
150
discharge from the nose
rhinorrhea
151
inflammation of (mucous membranes of the) nose
rhinitis
152
visual examination of the larynx
laryngoscopy
153
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
154
stricture or narrowing of the larynx
laryngostenosis
155
dilation or expansion of the bronchus
bronchiectasis
156
disease of the bronchus
bronchopathy
157
spasm of the bronchus
bronchospasm
158
air in the chest (pleural space)
pneumothorax
159
inflammation of the lungs
pneumonitis
160
specialist in lung (diseases)
pulmonologist
161
pertaining to the lung
pulmonary or pulmonic
162
difficult breathing
dyspnea
163
rapid breathing
tachypnea
164
absence of breathing
apnea
165
surgical repair of the nose
rhinoplasty
166
surgical puncture of the chest
thoracocentesis or thoracentesis
167
removal of a lung
pulmonectomy or pneumonectomy
168
forming an opening (mouth) in the trachea
tracheostomy
169
thoracodynia
chest pain
170
Pulmonology
medical specialty concerned with disorders of the respiratory system
171
pulmonologist
physician who treats these disorders of the respiratory system
172
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
respiratory disorders that produce a chronic partial obstruction of the air passages
chronic in nature and insidious
leads to limited airflow and difficulty in breathing
173
insidious
proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.
174
3 major disorders of COPD are
asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
175
paroxysmal
sudden and violent symptoms
176
Asthma symptoms
bronchospasms that may be paroxysmal
| dyspnea
177
Asthma is caused by
exposure to allergens or irritants. Other causes include stress, cold, and exercise.
178
productive cough
cough that produces mucus (during recovery)
179
exacerbations
symptoms become more difficult, and flare-ups occur more frequently.
180
mucolytics
agents that loosen and break down mucus
181
bronchodilators
medications that expand the bronchi by relaxing their smooth muscles
182
status asthmaticus
life threatening condition caused my untreatable bronchospasm (asthma)
183
Stages of COPD: At Risk, Mild
* Minor difficulty with airflow
* Possible presence of chronic cough with sputum production
* Patient possibly unaware of disease
184
Stages of COPD: Moderate
* Apparent limitation in airflow
* Possible shortness of breath
* Patient possibly seeking medical intervention at this level
185
Stages of COPD: Severe
* Inadequate airflow
* Increase in shortness of breath with activity
* Patient experiencing diminished quality of life
186
Stages of COPD: Very Severe
* Severe airflow limitations
* Significant impairment in quality of life
* Possible life-threatening exacerbations
* Possible development of complications, such as respiratory or heart failure
187
Chronic bronchitis (cause/characteristics)
inflammation of bronchi caused:
smoking/air pollution
viruses/bacteria
swelling of the mucosa
heavy, productive cough
chest pain
188
expectorants
Bronchodilators and medications that aid in the removal of mucus
help widen air passages.
189
Emphysema is characterized by
decreased elasticity of alveoli
expand but unable to contract - difficult to exhale
The air that remains trapped in chest results in characteristic “barrel-chested” appearance.
190
Emphysema commonly occurs with:
another respiratory disorder (asthma, tuberculosis, or chronic bronchitis) and in long-term heavy smokers.
191
orthopnea
finding it easier to breathe when standing upright
192
Pneumonia
inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, primarily the microscopic air sacs (alveoli)
193
consolidation
lung tissue loses its spongy texture and becomes swollen and engorged
194
Causes of pneumonia include
bacterial/viral infections
| also fungi, chemicals, inhaled substances (food, vomit, liquids [aspiration pneumonias])
195
Lobar pneumonia
bacterial origin
affects large portion or entire lobe of lung
primary pneumonia
Antibiotic therapy is effective
196
Bronchopneumonia
caused by variety of organisms
centered in the bronchi and surrounding alveoli
secondary pneumonia.
197
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
associated with AIDS
caused by normal flora
causes no harm if individual remains healthy
opportunistic
198
opportunistic
when the immune system begins to fail, this organism becomes infectious
199
common signs and symptoms of pneumonia
Thoracodynia, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and mucopurulent sputum
200
mucopurulent sputum
coughing up sputum containing white blood cells
201
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
life threatening
lungs don't function effectively
result of very serious lung conditions
alveoli fill with fluid (edema) and collapse, making oxygen exchange impossible.
202
systemic infections
infections that affect the entire body
203
sepsis
major infections that affect the blood
204
nares
flaring of nostrils
205
hyaline membrane
membrane that has a ground-glass appearance
206
alveolar consolidation
fluid in the alveoli
207
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)
syndrome in preterm/infant w/ diabetic mom
caused by insufficient surfactant
alveoli collapse, breathing becomes labored
causes cyanosis of extremities, nares, tachypnea, and characteristic grunt during exhalation
208
surfactant
a phospholipid substance that helps keep alveoli open
209
bronchogenic carcinoma
lung cancer arising in epithelium of the bronchial tree
| masses form, block air passages/alveoli and metastasize
210
adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways, commonly leading to a diagnosis of a respiratory or cardiac condition
211
crackle
Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale
212
rhonchus
Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring
213
stridor
High-pitched, harsh sound
caused by spasm/swelling of larynx
or obstructed upper airway
214
wheeze
Whistling/sighing from narrowing of lumen
215
acidosis
Excessive acidity of body fluids
216
anosmia
Absence of the sense of smell
217
-osmia
smell
218
apnea
Disorder where breathing stops repeatedly during sleep,
| causing blood deoxygenation, patient to awaken gasping for air
219
central (CSA)
| apnea
occurs when brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing
220
obstructive (OSA)
| apnea
Most common apnea
| upper airway blockage that prevents adequate air flow
221
mixed
| apnea
when central and obstructive apnea occur simultaneously
222
atelectasis
Collapsed/airless state of lung
| may be acute/chronic and affect all/part of lung
223
atel
incomplete, imperfect
224
coryza
AKA RHINITIS
| Acute inflammation of nose membranes
225
croup
Common childhood condition
inflammation of larynx, trachea, bronchial passages
sometimes lungs
226
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Life-threatening genetic disease
causes mucus to become thick/sticky
plugs tubes/ducts, especially in lungs/pancreas
227
cyst
bladder
228
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous tissue
229
deviated nasal septum
Displacement of septum
| causes reduced airflow and nosebleed
230
epiglottitis
Severe, life-threatening infection of epiglottis and supraglottic structures
occurs most ages 2-12
231
epistaxis
Nasal hemorrhage; also called nosebleed
232
hypoxemia
causes hypoxia
O2 deficiency in arterial blood
sign of respiratory impairment
233
hypoxia
Oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis
234
influenza
Flu
Acute, contagious viral disorder of respiratory tract
causes weakness, fever, chills, muscle pain (back, arms, legs)
235
pertussis
WHOOPING COUGH
Acute, infectious disease
cough that has “whoop” sound
236
pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid pleural cavity
| impairs breathing by limiting expansion of the lungs
237
empyema
Exudative effusion - pus in pleural cavity
from bacterial pneumonia in lungs
also called pyothorax
238
pneumothorax
Presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery
239
pleurisy
PLEURITIS
Inflammation of pleural membrane
stabbing pain; intensifies by coughing/deep breathing
240
pulmonary edema
Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure
241
pulmonary embolism
Blockage in pulmonary artery by mass of undissolved matter (blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, bacteria) from another part of body.
242
embol
plug
243
tuberculosis (TB)
Potentially fatal contagious disease
spread through respiratory droplets,
affecting any organ but primarily lungs/chest
causes chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats
244
tubercul
little swelling
245
Mantoux test
TB test to determine previous exposure to TB
| injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) under skin
246
oximetry
Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry
247
polysomnography
Test of sleep cycles/stages using EEGs and other methods
248
somn/o
sleep
249
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments
250
spirometry
PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and out of the lungs (See Fig. 7-8.)
251
bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic or rigid) inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor (See Fig. 7-9.)
252
laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities
253
mediastinoscopy
Visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
254
arterial blood gas (ABG)
Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
255
sputum culture
Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
256
sweat test
Measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat
257
throat culture
Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
258
chest x-ray (CXR)
Radiographic test to identify lung conditions (pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, pneumothorax)
259
computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
Minimally invasive imaging of pulmonary arteries
| combines computed tomography scanning and angiography
260
angi/o
vessel (usually the blood or lymph)
261
ventilation-perfusion
```
Nuclear test scan
evaluates airflow (ventilation) /blood flow (perfusion) in lungs for evidence of blood clot; also called V-Q lung scan
```
262
pleurectomy
Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura
263
pneumonectomy
Excision of a lung or a portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer (See Fig. 7-10.)
264
septoplasty
Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum that is usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
265
thoracentesis
Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis
266
tracheostomy
Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted (See Fig. 7-12.)
267
aerosol therapy
Lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways
268
antral lavage
Washing/irrigating of paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management
269
endotracheal intubation
Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
270
postural drainage
positioning patient so gravity aids in drainage of secretions from bronchi and lobes of lungs to make breathing easier
271
antibiotics
Destroy/inhibit growth of bacteria by disrupting membranes or metabolic processes
272
antihistamines
Block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues
273
antitussives
Relieve or suppress coughing by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain
274
bronchodilators
Stimulate bronchial muscles to relax, thereby expanding air passages, resulting in increased airflow
275
corticosteroids
block production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory actions
276
decongestants
Constrict blood vessels of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways
277
expectorants
Liquefy respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes
278
ABG
arterial blood gas(es)
279
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
280
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
281
CF
cystic fibrosis
282
CO2
carbon dioxide
283
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
284
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
285
CT
computed tomography
286
CTPA
computed tomography pulmonary angiography
287
CXR
chest x-ray, chest radiograph
288
DPI
dry powder inhaler
289
DPT
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
290
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
291
EEG
electroencephalogram
292
Hb, Hgb
hemoglobin
293
HMD
hyaline membrane disease
294
MDI
metered-dose inhaler
295
NMT
nebulized mist treatment
296
O2
oxygen
297
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
298
PCO2
partial pressure of carbon dioxide
299
PCP
Pneumocystis pneumonia; primary care physician
300
PFT
pulmonary function test
301
PH
degree of acidity or alkalinity
302
PO2
partial pressure of oxygen
303
PPD
purified protein derivative
304
SOB
shortness of breath
305
TB
tuberculosis
306
URI
upper respiratory infection
307
1. collapsed or airless lung
atelectasis
308
2. pus in the pleural cavity
empyema
309
3. abnormal breath sound commonly resembling snoring
rhonchus
310
4. deficiency of oxygen (in the tissues)
hypoxia
311
5. inflammatory fluid high in protein with blood and immune cells
exudate
312
absence or decrease in the sense of smell
anosmia
313
7. deficiency of oxygen in atrial blood
hypoxemia
314
8. genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky
cystic fibrosis
315
9. acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract
influenza
316
10. disease characterized by a decrease in alveolar elasticity
emphysema
317
11. spitting of blood
hemoptysis
318
12. nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage
epistaxis
319
13. excessive fluid in the lungs that induces cough and dyspnea
pulmonary edema
320
14. noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with less protein
transudate
321
15. displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils
deviated septum
322
16. acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called
coryza
323
17. potentially fatal disease spread through respiratory droplets
tuberculosis
324
18. inflammation of the pleural membrane
pleurisy
325
loss of sponginess of lungs due to engorgement
consolidation
326
20. whooping cough
pertussis
327
1. microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract
sputum culture
328
2. test of sleep cycles and stages
polysomnography
329
3. imaging procedure to evaluate the lungs
CXR
330
4. washing or irrigating sinuses
antral lavage
331
5. relieves sneezing, runny nose, itchiness, and rashes
antihistamine
332
6. relieves or suppresses coughing
antitussive
333
7. used primarily in children to confirm cystic fibrosis
sweat test
334
8. noninvasive test used to monitor the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen
oximetry
335
9. surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
thoracentesis
336
10. inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer
aerosol therapy
337
11. decreases mucous membrane swelling by constricting blood vessels
decongestant
338
12. intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity
Mantoux test
339
13. laboratory tests to assess gases and pH of arterial blood
ABGs
340
14. reduces the viscosity of sputum to facilitate productive coughing
expectorant
341
15. used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
throat culture
342
16. multiple tests used to determine the ability of lungs and capillary membranes to exchange oxygen
pulmonary function tests
343
17. visual examination of the voice box to detect tumors and other abnormalities
laryngoscopy
344
18. procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum
septoplasty
345
19. excision of the entire lung
pneumonectomy
346
20. reconstructive surgery of the nose, commonly for cosmetic purposes
rhinoplasty
347
Pharynx (throat)
Muscular tube which constitutes first major section of air passages leading to the lungs.
348
Larynx
Responsible for sound production (voice)
349
Trachea
Extension of air passage below the larynx
350
Bronchi
Two branches of the trachea, one leading to each lung
