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CATA exam > ch10: tissue healing and wound care > Flashcards

ch10: tissue healing and wound care Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

how does force act

A
  • acceleration or change in velocity
  • deformation or change in shape
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2
Q

injury occurs based on two factors

A
  • size or magnitude of the force
  • material properties of the involved tissues
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3
Q

what happens when load exceeds the materials yield point or elastic limit response

A
  • plastic
  • load is removed= some deformation remains
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4
Q

anisotropic

A

structure is stronger than in resisting forces from certain directions compared to others

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5
Q

mechanical stress

A

force divided by the surface area over which the force is applied
- over large area = resulting stress is less
- over small area = mechanical stress is higher

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6
Q

torque

A

product of a force and its moment arm, rotary force

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7
Q

forces moment arm

A

perpendicular distance from the forces line of action to the axis of rotation

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8
Q

outer region of the skin

A

EPIDERMIS
- pigment melanin
- hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
- outer surface = dead epithelial cells replaced every 3-4 wks by new cells pushed up from the dermis

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9
Q

Dermis

A

largest portion of the skin, provides strength and structure

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10
Q

aponeuroses

A

structure formed by dense, regular connective tissue
- strong, flat, sheetlike tissues that attach m. to other muscles or bones

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11
Q

muscle characteristics

A
  • extensibility
  • elasticity
  • irritability
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12
Q

fibrous jnts

A
  • held together by fibrous tissue
  • mvt depend on the length of the fibers uniting the bones
  • can absorb shock
  • little to no mvt
  • sutures
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13
Q

syndesmoses

A

fibrous jnt
- joined by fibrous tissue that permit extremely limited ROM

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14
Q

gomphosis jnt

A

found btw tooth and the bone in its socket

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15
Q

cartilaginous jnt

A
  • unite bones by either hyalin cartilage or fibrocartilage
  • sternocostal jnt, epiphyseal plates
  • strong, slightly movable
  • designed for strength and shock absorption
  • pubic symphysis
  • intervertebral jnt
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16
Q

synovial jnt

A
  • most common
  • free mvt btw articulating bone surfaces
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17
Q

clases of synovial diarthhrodial jnts

A
  • plane
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • condyloid
  • saddle
  • ball and socket
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18
Q

plane jnts

A

articulating surfaces are nearly flat
- inter metatarsal
- intercarpal
- facet jnt

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19
Q

hinge jnt

A

one bone surface is concave, on his convex
- permits flexion and ext

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20
Q

pivot jnt

A

rounded or conical end of one bone rotates within a sleeve or ring composed of bone
- atlantoaxial jnt
- radioulnar

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21
Q

condyloid jnt

A

oval articular surface of one bone fis into reciprocal concavity of another
- wrist jnts

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22
Q

saddle jnt

A

biaxial jnt
allowing greater freedom of mvt

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23
Q

ball and socket

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A

spherical head of one bone articulates w/ the socket of another

24
Q

grades of m. contusions

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A

1: little to no restriction in ROM
2: noticeable reduction in ROM
3: fascia may be ruptured, swollen m. tissue protruding

25
myositis and fascitis
inflammation of a muscles connective tissue and inflammation of the sheaths of fascia surrounding portions of muscle, repeated body mvt
26
tendinopathy
tendon pathology, pain and swelling w/ tendon mvt
27
tendinitis vs tendinosis
tendinitis: lack a direct inflammatory response tendinosis: degenerative changes result
28
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a tendon and is common in hands/feet acute; crepitus w/ mvt, inflammation, local swelling Chronic: nodule formation in sheath
29
peritendinitis
inflammation of peritendinous layer of thick tissue surrounding tendon
30
long-term tendinopathy
mineral deposits ectopic calcification can lead to myositis ossificans in tendons
31
stages in overuse injuries
1- pain after activity only 2- pain during activity that does not restrict performance 3- pain during activity that restricts performance 4- chronic, unremitting pain even at rest
32
stages of tissue healing
- inflammatory phase - proliferative phase - maturation phase
33
inflammatory phase
- 0-6 days - acute: hemodynamic activity that generates exudate - Chronic: presence of nongranular leukocytes and the prod of scar tissue
34
three mechanism of inflammatory phase
- local vasoconstriction - platelet reaction - coagulation cascade
35
role of bradykinin in inflammatory phase
increases vessel permeability, stim nerve endings to cause pain
36
proliferative phase
- 3-21days - repair and regeneration of injured tissue -
37
fibroblast in prolific phase
produce a supportive network of types I and III collagen
38
maturation phase
up to 1+ year - fibroblast activity dec and habitual loading produces inc organization of the extra cell matrix - reduce vascularity and water content - scar tissue: reduce size and flex of involved tissue
39
role of growth factors
- attract cell to the wound, stim proliferation and direct the deposition of extract matrix -
40
platelet-derived growth factor
PDGF: first 2 stages of healing - activates macrophages - stim fibroblast to secrete type I and III collagen
41
growth factor-B
stim angiogenesis, accelerates collagen deposition
42
bone tissue
cortical: stiffer, greater stress but less strain Cancellous: spongier, more strain before injury
43
type of epiphyseal injuries
I: a complete separation of the epiphysis from metaphysics w/ no fx to the bone II: separation of the epiphysis and a small portion of the metaphysis III: a fx of the epiphysis IV: fx of a part of the epiphysis and metaphysis V: compression of the epiphysis w/ fx, resulting in a compromised epiphyseal func
44
osteochondrosis
disruption of bld supply to epiphysis, associated tissue necrosis and deformation of epiphysis
45
stages of bone tissue healing
- acute inflammatory phase = 4 days- vasodilation, edema formation - repair and regeneration - fx ends - callus formes - maturation and remodeling
46
afferent vs efferent
Afferent = post branches of spinal nerves, sensory nerves Efferent = ant branches of spinal nerves, motor nerves
47
myelin sheath
protect and insulates fibers inc speed of transmisison
48
classification of nerve injuries
-tensile : during severe, high speed accidents - Compressive
49
grades of tensile injuries
I: neurapraxia, temporary loss of sensation II: axonotmesis, significant motor and mild sensory deficits that last at least 2wks III: neurotmesis, motor and sensory deficits persist up to 1 year
50
classification of nerve injuries
- hypoesthesia: reduction in sensation - paresthesia: NTB - neuralgia: chronic pain along nerves course - nerve healing: complete severed = healing does not occur
51
management of nerve injuries
mild: ice, e-stim, us, nsaid, protective padding mod-severe: neural flossing, correct posture, strengthen
52
somatic pain
originates in the skin, msk system
53
visceral pain
diffuse or referred pain from organs
54
psychogenic
no physical cause but pain felt
55
a delta fibers
larger, faster thinly myelinated
56

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