ch11: therapeutic medications Flashcards
(26 cards)
pharmokinetics and steps of mvt in the body of drugs
the study of a drug through the body to produce the desired effects
- administration
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- excretion
routes of administration
enteral route: GI tract for entry
parental route: do not use GI tract to enter, invasive (intravenous) or noninvasive (inhalation, topical)
types of drug excretion
- renal (kidney)
- hepatic (liver)
half-life of meds
time required for the amount of a drug in the body to reduce by 50%
- longer half life, slower exit the body
potency of drug
more potent = less dosage needed for effect
what influences drug interactions
- genetics + age
- current illness or disease
- qty of drug ingested
- duration of drug therapy
- time interval btw taking two or more drugs
- which drug is taken first
acetaminophen
- inhibits prostaglandins in the cans but does not inhibit their synthesis in peripheral tissues
- analgesic
- no GI irritation
- overdose = liver damage & death
aspirin
analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory
- used w/ kids under 18= risk of eye syndrome
NSAID
interfere with biosyntheses of prostaglandins and other related compounds by inhibiting COX, an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins
corticosteroids
block the bodys natural response to inflammation by inhibiting the synthesis of chemical mediators
local anesthetics
pain killers: inhibit the activity of sensory nerve receptors in the skin
injectable: numbness by interfering w/ nerve function in a localized, subcutaneous, soft-tissue area
topical: msk injuries, stim nerve endings in the skin that respond to pain (warm/cold distract pain)
spray: temporarily freeze skin in effort to dec pain, 1min effect
m. relaxant
- block afferent messages that travel from m to brain
central: exert their effect w/ SC
direct: affect skeletal m. cell
topical antibiotics
- kill disease-prod bacteria
- prevent tx infections
- on small wounds
- not for deep wounds
antiseptic
applied to living tissue to stop growth of microorganisms or destroy bacteria on contact and prevent infection
anti fungal agents
- tx infections caused by fungal cells
- mold or yeast
- mold: tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corposis
- yeast: candidiasis, moniliasis
ergogenic aids
performance enhancing substances
caffeine
- inc alertness and feeling of well being
- 30-60 min peak lvl
- stim adrenalin
- enhancing contractibility of skeletal and cardiac muscle
- helpfull in prolonged endurance exercise activity
- 3-6 mg/kg body mass
- banned if in urine 15-12 ug/ml
tobacco
- smal dose = stimulate
- large dose = depress
alcohol
- little to no benefit regarding energy metabolism or oxygen consumption
- negative effect of psychomotor skills
- does not improve muscular work capacity
- dec performance levels
- impair temp regulation
marijuana
- CNS: impaired motor coord, dec short-term memory, dif concentrating, decline work performance
- cv: tachycardia, change in bp
- sport: reduction of max exercise performance, premature achievement of vo2 max
- high lipid solubility for up to 2-4 wks by testing
anabolic-androgenic steroid
- stim growth and accelerate weight gain
- promote rapid synthesis of protein in the body
adverse: anger, explosive behaviour, inc appetite, sexual desired, lower pain tolerance
human growth hormone
- anti-aging drug to enhance muscular strength and growth
amphetamines
- cns stim
- ## mask fatigue and pain to improve mental tasks
ephedra
- cns stim
- inc serum levels of norepinephrine
- inc bp, hr, CO, peripheral vascular resistance
advers: inc heart temp and body temp
