ch3: protective equipment

Question 1

responsibility of AT regarding protective equipment

Answer 1

• meets minimum standards of protection
• is in good cond
• clean and properly fitted
• used routinely
• used as intended

Question 2

what causes focal injuries

Answer 2

(injuries concentrated in small area)
high speed, low velocity
getting hit by a puck, ball, bat, stick

Question 3

what leads to diffuse injuries

Answer 3

low-velocity, high mass force
falling to the ground, being checked
(absorbing he force over a larger area)

Question 4

factors for sport related injury

Answer 4

• illegal play
• poor technique
• inadequate cond
• poorly matched player lvl
• previously injured area
• low tolerance of an indv to ijury
• inability to adequaly protect area
• poor qult, maintenance, of protective equipment

Question 5

equipment design factors that can reduce potential injury

Answer 5

• inc impact area
• tranfert or disperse the impact area to another body part
• limit relative motion of a body part
• add mass to the body part to limit deformation and displacement
• reduce friction btw contacting surfaces
• absorb energy
• resist the absorption of bacteria, fungui, and viruses

Question 6

high vs low density material

Answer 6

high: absorb more energy by deformation good to protect form direct blows and focal injuries

low: efcetive at low lvls of impact intensity
useful in reducing friction, preventing blisters and abrasions

Question 7

resilience of material

Answer 7

high resilience = regain their shape after impact
used over areas that are subject to repeated impacts

nonresilient material offert better protection and used over areas subject to one-time or occasional impact

Question 8

open cell vs closed-cell foam

Answer 8

open: allow passage of air from cell to cell, deforms quickly, not good shock absorbing, comfy

closed: no aire distribution, rebounds and returns to og shape, less cushioning

Question 9

AT duty regarding protective equipment

Answer 9

• select the most appropriate equipment
• properly fit the equipment to the indv
• instruct the indv in proper care of the equipment
• warn the indv of any danger in using the equipment improperly
• supervise and monitor the proper use of all protective equiment

Question 10

who approves football helmets

Answer 10

NOCSAE

Question 11

who approves hockey helmets

Answer 11

ASTM
HECC
stamp from CSA

Question 12

who approves batting helmets

Answer 12

NOCSAE

Question 13

weekly helmet check

Answer 13

• proper fit according to manufacturers guidelines
• examine shell cracks
• examine mounting rivets, screws, velcro for breakage
• replace face guard if bear metal visible
• examine and replace damage parts
• examine chin strap for proper fit
• inspect shell
• if air or fluid filled and change altitude recheck fit

Question 14

cantilevered vs flat sh pads

Answer 14

C: hard plastic bridge over sup aspect of sh protecting AC jnt

flat: less protective of the shoulder but allow more GH jnt ROM

Question 15

how should sh pads be selected

Answer 15

• based on
• player position
• body type
• medical hx

linemen= more protection = larger cantilevered
QB, offensive back, receiver = smaller sh cups and flaps to allow greater ROM

Question 16

commotio cordis

Answer 16

second leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes caused by blow from small spherical fast moving object over the heart

Question 17

types of kn braces

Answer 17

prophylactic: protect MCL by redirected valgus force

functional: proprio feedback, protect unstable ACL or post surgery

rehabilatative: blocl knee at specific angle, control ROM

Question 18

3 categories of ank brace

Answer 18

• lace-up brace: limit all rom
• semirigid orthosis: limit INV/EV
• air-bladder brace: limit EV /INV

Question 19

categories of foot orthodics

Answer 19

• change foot funct
• protective
• combination

Question 20

rigidity of orthodics

Answer 20

rigid: control motion
- soft: absorb shock , improve balance, releive pressure points
- semirigid: dynamic balance during activity

Question 21

design and selection of protective equipment based on these material factors

Answer 21

• thickness
• density
• resilience
• temperature

Question 22

ehat are high density materials good for

Answer 22

protecting the pt from direct blows and focal injuries

Question 23

use of neoprene sleeves

Answer 23

unform compression, therapeutic warmth, and support for chronic injury

Question 24

standards for hard materials for RTP

Answer 24

hard, abarsive, or unyielding substances may be used on the hand, wrist, forearm or elbow
- must be covered on all exterior surface w/ no less than 0.5in thick, high-density, closed-cell polyurthane or a metrial of the same properties
- also written note from physican explaining why cast or splint is necessary

Question 25

properly fitted hockey helmet

Answer 25

- level on head - 1-2 fingers width above eyebrows - max 2 fingers btw neck and chin strap - helmet does not ove. slide, or rotate when the head is turned

Question 26

batting helmet rules

Answer 26

NOCSAE - double ear flap -

Question 27

football face guards

Answer 27

- 2 fingers witdh away from the forehead and allow complete field of vision -no less then 2 bars

Question 28

spectacles

Answer 28

type of protexctive eyewear - often industrial - require 3mm thick lense - made from CR ot polycarbonate

Question 29

most effective mouth guards

Answer 29

custom - pressure-formed - laminated type - vaccumed forme