ch27: gi tract Flashcards
(18 cards)
dysphagia
- laboured swallowing action
predisposing - narrowing of esophagus
- paralysis
- muscle spasm of esophageal or pharyngeal m.
s/s - difficulty swallowing
gastroesophageal reflux disease
- gastric juice regurgitates in esophagus
- indv eats/drinks in excess
- cond that force abdominal content sup (pregnancy, obesity, running)
s/s - mild heart burn
dyspepsia
indigestion
- associated with upper GI pain that has no identified etiology but has been attributed to excessive acid accumulation in the stomach and overconsumption of alcohol
s/s of dyspesia
- sens of fullness
- feeling as though something is lodged in the esophagus
- heartburn
- neausea
- vomiting
- loss of appetite
- discomfort at typhoid process
gastric (peptic) ulcer
- occur at lower end of esophagus in stomach or duodenum
precursor - excessive gastric acide
- excessive alcohol
- spicy/salty foods
- tobacco products
the stomach begins to digest itself
s/s of gastric ulcers
- gnawing epigastric pain within 1-3h after eating
- consumption orange juice, coffee, alcohol, p
- pain receive by eating again
gastritis
- stomach lining becomes inflamed leading to erosion of the gastric mucosa
- induced by anxiety, exercise rel hypo perfusion, NSAIDS, caffeine, alcohol
s/s - GI bleeding
- epigastric pain
- vomiting
- loss of appetite
- full feeling in stomach
gastroenteritis
acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach or small intestine
cause
- viral or bacterial infection
- allergic reaction
- medication
- parasites
- food poisoning
- emotional stress
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
- abdominal pain and altered bowel func for which no organic cause can be det
s/s
- abdominal discomfort for at least 12wks and includes at least 2 of the following in the next 12 months
- relief w/ defecation
- change in frequency of stool
- change in form and appearance of stool
Crohn disease
- serious, chronic inflammation usually of the ileum, may affect any portion of the intestinal tract
- unknown cause, distinguished from IBS by its inflammatory pattern
Crohn disease inflammation and s/s
- inflammation extends through all layers of the intestinal wall resulting in thickening or toughening of the wall and narrowing of intestinal lumen
s/s
- abdominal pain in RLQ
- diarrhea 10-20x per day
- loss of appetite
- weight loss
ulcerative colitis
- chronic inflammation ulceration of the colon
- beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon
- extending upward into the entire colon
- inflammation involves only the mucosal lining of the colon
s/s - body diarrhea that can lead to anemia
- stool contains pus and mucus
- abdominal pain
- fever
- weight loss
diarrhea
- abnormally loose, watery stools
cause - food residue running through the large intestine before the organ has had sufficient time t absorb the remaining water
prolonged = leads to dehydration and depletion of electrolytes
constipation
- occurs when stool is difficult to pass
- most people pass stool 3x/day to 3x/wk
hemorrhoids
- dilations of the venous plexus surrounding the rectal and anal area
- dilated sacs becomes exposed if they protrude internally into the rectal and anal canals or externally around the anal opening
s/s - pain
- itching
- small amounts of bright red blood defacation
anxiety and stress reaction
- upper GI can be affected through dec acid secretion in the stomach, slowed intestinal motility or dec blood flow
s/s - dry mouth
- dyspepsia
- gastroesophageal reflux
- heart burn
- abdominal cramping
- diarrhea
vomiting/nausea
nausea: unpleasant, wavelike feeling in the back of the throat and/or stomach that may or may not result in vomiting
vomiting: forceful elimination of the contents of the stomach
retching: puke in mouth
food poisoning
- common cause by food contamination
- insecticides
- infectious organism from food that is undercooked or decomposed
