ch26: respiratory tract conditions

Question 1

lungs facts

Answer 1

• left smaller then R bc it hold heart in cardiac notch
• extend to 12th rib

Question 2

common cold

Answer 2

• 40-50% human rhinoviruses
• symptoms 1-2 days after exposure
• last 7-10 days
• viral shedding and contagion 2-3wks

Question 3

sinusitis

Answer 3

inflammation of the paranasal sinuses caused by bacterial or viral infection, allergy, env factors
- acute: < 30days
- subacute: 3wks-2months
- chronic: +2 months

Question 4

trigger + s/s of sinusitis

Answer 4

Trigger
- obstruction of the passageway btw the sinuses bc of local mucosal swelling

s/s
- sinus infection suspected when cold symptoms + 7/10 days
- nasal congestion
- facial pain
- pressure over sinuses

Question 5

pharyngitis

Answer 5

sore throat
caused by viral, bacterial or fungal infection of the pharynx leading to a sore throat

s/s
- throat appears dark red and tonsils red and swollen,
- pus discharge
- pain aggravated by swallowing

Question 6

laryngitis

Answer 6

tissues inf to the epiglottis are swollen and inflamed leading to swelling around the vocal cords so that they cannot vibrate normally resulting in hoarseness of the voice

cause
- URI
- direct trauma
- GERD
- allergies
- cigarette smoke
- irritation of vocal cords

s/s
- weak, hoarse, gravelly voice
- sore throat
- fever
- cough
- tickling in back of throat
- dif swallowing

Question 7

tonsilitis

Answer 7

tonsils become inflamed and acute/chronically infected

caused by bacterial streptococcal infection but may result from viral infections

Question 8

tonsilitis s/s + management

Answer 8

s/s
- inflamed/enlarged tonsils
- fever
- painful swallow
- sore throat
- slight change in voice
- white specks on tonsils

management
- acute antibiotics, chronic surgical

Question 9

allergic rhinitis

Answer 9

hay fever
- inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes that affects 10-20% of children and adults

seasonal: pollen, fungal spores
year round: food, dust, animal

Question 10

bronchitis

Answer 10

inflammation of the mucosal lining of the tracheobronchial tree

• infection or inhaled particles and substances and may be acute or chronic

Question 11

bronchitis cause and s/s

Answer 11

cause
- viruses
- bacteria

s/s
acute
- bronchial swelling
- mucous secretion
- resistance to expiration
- coughing
- wheezing
chronic
- cough for at least 3months in 2 years
- inc airway obstruction
- heart failure
- cellular changes
- cyanosis
- edema
- high lvls of co2

Question 12

bronchial asthma

Answer 12

caused by constriction of bronchial smooth muscles (bronchospasm), inc bronchial secretions and mucosal swelling all leading to an inadequate airflow during respiration

intermitten: short duration, less 5days/month
seasonal: allergens
chronic: daily occurence

Question 13

exercise induced bronchospasm

Answer 13

common in the form of reaction 3-12min after exercise is complete

• mechanism unclear
• greater ventilation in strenuous activity = greater EIB

Question 14

factors for EIB

Answer 14

• ambient air cond
• duration
• type of exercise
• intensity
• allergens exposure
• poor conditioning
• respiratory infections

Question 15

influenza

Answer 15

viral bronchitis caused by haemophilus influenza type A, B or C

• immunization available

s/s
- high fever
- chills
- malaise
- h/a
- muscle aches

Question 16

pneumonia

Answer 16

inflammation and infection of the lungs that may be caused by bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas or other agents as fungi or chemicals