ch8: assessment of body alignment, posture and gait

Question 1

somatotyping layers
3 germ layers of embryonic dev

Answer 1

-endoderm: dev into digestive tract
- mesoderm: muscle, heart, bld vesssels
- ectoderm: skin and nervous system

Question 2

somatotypes

Answer 2

ectomorph: small delicate frame, fat chest, thin, small sh, lean m, mass, hard to gain weight, fast metablism

• mesomorph: athletic, gen hard body, well-defined m., rectangular body shape, strong, gain m. easily, gain fat more easily then ectomorph
• endomorph: soft and round body, gain m. and fat easily, generaly short, stocky build, round physique, slow metabolism

Question 3

3 main purpose of posture control

Answer 3

• antigravity func: maintaining an erect posture and keeping eyes level
• maintenance of equilibrium and balance
• providing mechanical support of motion

Question 4

3 different assessments of posture

Answer 4

• examination of alignment in standing
• tests for flexibility and m. length
• tests for muscle strength

Question 5

ant view assessment

Answer 5

• forehead,
• nose
• manubrium
• umbilicus
• even spacing btw feet

Question 6

post view assessment

Answer 6

• occiput
• spine
• sacrum
• equal distance of feet

Question 7

laeral view

Answer 7

• ear
• greater tubercle
• l3
• asis
• kn lat condyle
• med malleolus

Question 8

upper cross syndrome

Answer 8

• tight upper trap and lev scap
• tght pecs
• weak deep cervical flex
• weak rhomboids, serratus ant, MFT, LFT

Question 9

jnt dysfunction with UCS

Answer 9

atlanto occipital
C4-C5
ccervicothoracic jnt
GH jnt
- T4-T5

Question 10

Lower cross syndrome

Answer 10

• tight thoracolumbar extensors
• tight iliopsoas and rec fem
• weak deep abd
• weak glu max and medius

Question 11

jnt dysfunction w/ lower cross syndrome

Answer 11

• L4-L5,
• L5-S1
• SI
• hip jnt

Question 12

normal deg of pronation during gait

Answer 12

6-8deg

Question 13

forces sustained by the lower leg

Answer 13

• tension, compression, bending, torsion

Question 14

weight distribution when walking

Answer 14

• 50% subtalar jnt to calcareous
• 50%: transvers tarsal jnts to the forefoot

Question 15

plantar foot distribution depends on:

Answer 15

• gender
• shoe type,
• support surface
• fatigue
• foot conformation
• gait characteristics

Question 16

which compartmet of the kn sustaines more presssure in stance phase

Answer 16

medial

Question 17

body weight on kne during
- stance
- stair climbing
-

Answer 17

stance
- 3x
stairs
- 3-6x

Question 18

knee motion during midstance of normal gait

Answer 18

• 20deg flex
• 5deg int rot
• slight abd

Question 19

knee motion during swing phase

Answer 19

70deg flex
15 deg int rot
- 5deg add

Question 20

swayback

Answer 20

• dec ant lumbar curve, inc post thoracic curve
• head and sup aspect of femur to shift ant to compensate for post position
• ## inc lordosis and kyphosis

Question 21

forces at the hip during standing

Answer 21

1/2 weight on each hip

Question 22

forces at the hip during gait

Answer 22

• compression same as BW during swing phase - inc 3-6 fold BW during stance phase

Question 23

basic gait cycle phases/components

Answer 23

stance phase
- initial contact
- loading response
- midstance
- terminal stance
- preswing phase

SWING phase
- initial swing
- mid swing
- terminal swing

Question 24

components when assessing gait and normal values

Answer 24

Width of normal base: 2-4 inc, heel to heel (15inc)

Center of Gravity: 2 inc in front of sacral vertebrae

Knee remain flex: except initial contact

Pelvis and truck shift laterally 1 inch to the weight bearing side

length of step: 15 inch
cadence: 90-120 STEPS/MIN

swing phase: pelvis rotates 40deg,

Question 25

abnormal gait: stiff kn or hip gait

Answer 25

pt will lift kn of the involved side higher than normal to clear the ground due to knee of hip stiffness associated w/ stiffness, laxity or pain in kn/hip

Question 26

abnormal gait: equine gait

Answer 26

pt bear weight primarily on the lateral edge of the foot w/ no heel strike on initial contact associated w/ congenital cold where Achilles tendon is shortened

Question 27

abnorm gait: trendelenburg

Answer 27

pt will thrust the thorax lat to keep COG over the weight bearing leg weak glut med

Question 28

abnorm gait: psoatic limp

Answer 28

pt will have dif swinging leg, trunk mvt exaggerated associated w/ hip cond such as leg-calve-perthes disease

Question 29

quad gait

Answer 29

pt will use trunk to swing leg forward and push off w/ toes instead of flexing/ext the knee injury to quad muscle

Question 30

short leg gait

Answer 30

pt will shift from side to side associated with leg differences due to skeletal shortening of one leg

Question 31

drop foot gait

Answer 31

lift knee higher to allow foot to clear ground weak DF, ant compartment syndrome