Ch_32_Circulatory_System Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
T/F hydra have a circulatory system
A
F
2
Q
why don’t small organisms need a circulatory system?
A
the cells are close together
3
Q
roles of circulatory system
A
1)removes wastes from and brings nutrients/oxygen to cell 2) fluid circulation
4
Q
2 types of circulatory systems
A
closed and open
5
Q
3 types of blood vessels
A
capillaries, arteries, veins
6
Q
artery role
A
blood transport from heart
7
Q
arteries are thick or thin
A
thick
8
Q
do arteries expand on heart contraction or relaxation
A
contraction
9
Q
capillary role
A
gas and nutrient exchange
10
Q
how are gas and nutrients exchanged in capillaries
A
diffusion/osmosis
11
Q
how many cells thick are capillaries?
A
one
12
Q
capillaries are connected to both _ and _
A
venules and arterioles
13
Q
vein role
A
carry blood to heart
14
Q
veins when very tiny
A
venules
15
Q
arteries when very tiny
A
arterioles
16
Q
compared to veins, arteries are _ and _
A
thick and high pressure
17
Q
how do veins prevent blood from flowing the wrong way
A
valves
18
Q
myocardium definition
A
muscle tissue in heart
19
Q
what cavity contains the heart
A
pericardial cavity
20
Q
what sac contains heart
A
pericardium
21
Q
top chambers of heart are called atria or ventricles
A
atria
22
Q
bottom chambers of heart are called atria or ventricles
A
ventricles
23
Q
septum role
A
right and left heart division
24
Q
atrioventricular valves location
A
divide ventricles and antria
25
right atrioventricular valve label
right-tricuspid
26
left atrioventricular valve label
left-bicuspid
27
chordae tendineaea role
heart valve support
28
semilunar valves location
divide heart and arteries
29
2 major arteries that leave right from heart
aorta and pulmonary artery
30
pulmonary artery goes to the _
lungs
31
pulmonary artery carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
deoxygenated
32
aorta carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood
oxygenated
33
systole meaning in Greek
contraction
34
ventricle contraction another word
systole
35
ventricle relaxation another word
diastole
36
pulse definition
artery blood flow
37
sinoatrial node role
regulates heart pace
38
sinoatrial node location
right atrium, connected directly to medulla in brain
39
atrioventricular node role
atrium and ventricle movement synchronization
40
atrioventricular node location
right Atrium
41
systolic pressure definition
pressure in arteries during contraction
42
diastolic pressure definition
pressure in veins during relaxation
43
typical blood pressure
120/80
44
pulmonary circuit
circuit that has blood flow between heart and lung
45
pulmonary circuit comes from the right or left side of heart
right
46
systemic circuit
circuit that has blood flow between heart and body
47
vena cava is part of pulmonary or systemic circuit
pulmonary
48
largest vein in body
Vena Cava
49
blood flow pulmonary circuit from Vena Cava
vena cava -> right AV Valve -> right ventricle -> semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins
50
blood flow systemic circuit from pulmonary vein
pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left AV valve -> left ventricle -> semilunar valve -> aorta
51
bicuspid is left or right AV valve
left
52
tricuspid is left or right AV valve
right
53
largest vein and artery
Aorta and Vena Cava
54
word for brain artery and vein
Carotid
55
word for heart vein and artery
Coronary
56
word for lung vein and artery
Pulmonary
57
word for kidney vein and artery
Renal
58
word for liver vein and artery
Hepatic
59
word for legs vein and artery
Iliac
60
Atherosclerosis definition
cholesterol and fat accumulation in arteries
61
Arteriosclerosis definition
Calcification of cholesterol accumulation in arteries
62
Aneurysm definition
weak artery wall bursts
63
Coronary Thrombosis definition
coronary artery blood flow blocked due to blood clot
64
Erythrocytes definition
red blood cells
65
Leukocytes definition
white blood cells
66
plasma definition
liquid part of blood
67
Erythrocytes live about how long
4 months
68
T/F Erythrocytes have advanced nucleus
F, no nucleus
69
Where are Erythrocytes made?
bone marrow
70
Which cells are Erythrocytes made from
bone marrow
71
hemoglobin role in red blood cells
oxygen transport
72
Anemia definition
low concentration of Erythrocytes
73
Which blood cells, red or white, have a nucleus
white blood cells
74
White blood cell role
fight infections, immunity
75
neutrophil definition
type of white blood cell phagocytes that ingests foreign organisms
76
types of white blood cells
Neutrophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes
77
What percent of white blood cells are Neutrophils
60%
78
Lymphocyte definition
type of white blood cell that create antibodies targeted at foreign organisms
79
three types of Lymphocytes
T-Cells,B-Cells, NK-cells
80
what percent of white blood cells are lymphocytes
25%
81
MCH definition
major histocompatibility complex, surface molecule on cell
82
How do NK cells defend host
detect infected or tumor cells by MHC changes and kill them
83
2 types of T cells
Helper and Inflammatory
84
how do Helper T cells defend host
Help activate B cell to produce antibodies
85
how do Inflammatory T cells defend host
indicate infection location to neutrophils and macrophages
86
Where are helper T cells activated
Thymus Gland
87
B lymphocytes are white blood cells or red blood cells
white
88
Where are B lymphocytes formed?
bone marrow
89
Which cells activate B lymphocytes
T-Cells
90
how do B-cells defend host
antibody creation targeted at infection
91
What do B cells eventually become
memory B cells
92
What percent of white blood cells are Basophils
1%
93
What percent of white blood cells are Eosinophils
3%
94
What percent of white blood cells are Monocytes
8%
95
white blood cell development from stem cell
stem cell -> myeloblast -> specialized cells
96
Basophil role
release heparin and histamine, 1% of WBC
97
Eosinophil role
parasite and reactions to allergies, 3% of WBC
98
Monocyte role
waste and artifact removal after infection, 8% of WBC
99
Thrombocytes term in humans
platelets
100
site of thrombocyte production
bone marrow
101
thrombocytes help make blood _ to slow blood flow
thicker
102
thrombocytes are utilized by the body to _ _
clot blood
103
thrombocytes contain _, which stimulate tissue regeneration
growth factors
104
how are platelets and tissue cells used to create fibrin for blood clotting?
tissue cells and platelets -> prothrombin activator -> prothrombin releases Ca++ as it changed to thrombin -> fibrinogen -> fibrin
105
liquid component of blood
plasma
106
what percent of plasma is water?
92%
107
what percent of plasma is nutrients and gasses?
8%
108
3 plasma proteins
Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen
109
What is the role of Albumin plasma protein?
viscosity
110
What is the role of Globulin plasma protein?
antibodies
111
What is the role of Fibrinogen plasma protein?
clotting
112
What type of regulatory substances does plasma contain?
enzymes and hormones
113
T/F blood plasma has cellular wastes
T
114
Hematocrit definition
plasma to blood cells ratio
115
PCV acronym
Packed cell volume in blood
116
what is the PCV for men in general?
48%
117
what is the PCV for women in general?
38%
