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Bio 2 > Ch_32_Circulatory_System > Flashcards

Ch_32_Circulatory_System Flashcards

1
Q

T/F hydra have a circulatory system

A

F

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2
Q

why don’t small organisms need a circulatory system?

A

the cells are close together

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3
Q

roles of circulatory system

A

1)removes wastes from and brings nutrients/oxygen to cell 2) fluid circulation

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4
Q

2 types of circulatory systems

A

closed and open

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5
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

capillaries, arteries, veins

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6
Q

artery role

A

blood transport from heart

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7
Q

arteries are thick or thin

A

thick

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8
Q

do arteries expand on heart contraction or relaxation

A

contraction

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9
Q

capillary role

A

gas and nutrient exchange

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10
Q

how are gas and nutrients exchanged in capillaries

A

diffusion/osmosis

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11
Q

how many cells thick are capillaries?

A

one

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12
Q

capillaries are connected to both _ and _

A

venules and arterioles

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13
Q

vein role

A

carry blood to heart

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14
Q

veins when very tiny

A

venules

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15
Q

arteries when very tiny

A

arterioles

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16
Q

compared to veins, arteries are _ and _

A

thick and high pressure

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17
Q

how do veins prevent blood from flowing the wrong way

A

valves

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18
Q

myocardium definition

A

muscle tissue in heart

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19
Q

what cavity contains the heart

A

pericardial cavity

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20
Q

what sac contains heart

A

pericardium

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21
Q

top chambers of heart are called atria or ventricles

A

atria

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22
Q

bottom chambers of heart are called atria or ventricles

A

ventricles

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23
Q

septum role

A

right and left heart division

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24
Q

atrioventricular valves location

A

divide ventricles and antria

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25
Q

right atrioventricular valve label

A

right-tricuspid

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26
Q

left atrioventricular valve label

A

left-bicuspid

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27
Q

chordae tendineaea role

A

heart valve support

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28
Q

semilunar valves location

A

divide heart and arteries

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29
Q

2 major arteries that leave right from heart

A

aorta and pulmonary artery

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30
Q

pulmonary artery goes to the _

A

lungs

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31
Q

pulmonary artery carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

A

deoxygenated

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32
Q

aorta carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

A

oxygenated

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33
Q

systole meaning in Greek

A

contraction

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34
Q

ventricle contraction another word

A

systole

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35
Q

ventricle relaxation another word

A

diastole

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36
Q

pulse definition

A

artery blood flow

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37
Q

sinoatrial node role

A

regulates heart pace

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38
Q

sinoatrial node location

A

right atrium, connected directly to medulla in brain

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39
Q

atrioventricular node role

A

atrium and ventricle movement synchronization

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40
Q

atrioventricular node location

A

right Atrium

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41
Q

systolic pressure definition

A

pressure in arteries during contraction

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42
Q

diastolic pressure definition

A

pressure in veins during relaxation

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43
Q

typical blood pressure

A

120/80

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44
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

circuit that has blood flow between heart and lung

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45
Q

pulmonary circuit comes from the right or left side of heart

A

right

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46
Q

systemic circuit

A

circuit that has blood flow between heart and body

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47
Q

vena cava is part of pulmonary or systemic circuit

A

pulmonary

48
Q

largest vein in body

A

Vena Cava

49
Q

blood flow pulmonary circuit from Vena Cava

A

vena cava -> right AV Valve -> right ventricle -> semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins

50
Q

blood flow systemic circuit from pulmonary vein

A

pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left AV valve -> left ventricle -> semilunar valve -> aorta

51
Q

bicuspid is left or right AV valve

A

left

52
Q

tricuspid is left or right AV valve

A

right

53
Q

largest vein and artery

A

Aorta and Vena Cava

54
Q

word for brain artery and vein

A

Carotid

55
Q

word for heart vein and artery

A

Coronary

56
Q

word for lung vein and artery

A

Pulmonary

57
Q

word for kidney vein and artery

A

Renal

58
Q

word for liver vein and artery

A

Hepatic

59
Q

word for legs vein and artery

A

Iliac

60
Q

Atherosclerosis definition

A

cholesterol and fat accumulation in arteries

61
Q

Arteriosclerosis definition

A

Calcification of cholesterol accumulation in arteries

62
Q

Aneurysm definition

A

weak artery wall bursts

63
Q

Coronary Thrombosis definition

A

coronary artery blood flow blocked due to blood clot

64
Q

Erythrocytes definition

A

red blood cells

65
Q

Leukocytes definition

A

white blood cells

66
Q

plasma definition

A

liquid part of blood

67
Q

Erythrocytes live about how long

A

4 months

68
Q

T/F Erythrocytes have advanced nucleus

A

F, no nucleus

69
Q

Where are Erythrocytes made?

A

bone marrow

70
Q

Which cells are Erythrocytes made from

A

bone marrow

71
Q

hemoglobin role in red blood cells

A

oxygen transport

72
Q

Anemia definition

A

low concentration of Erythrocytes

73
Q

Which blood cells, red or white, have a nucleus

A

white blood cells

74
Q

White blood cell role

A

fight infections, immunity

75
Q

neutrophil definition

A

type of white blood cell phagocytes that ingests foreign organisms

76
Q

types of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes

77
Q

What percent of white blood cells are Neutrophils

A

60%

78
Q

Lymphocyte definition

A

type of white blood cell that create antibodies targeted at foreign organisms

79
Q

three types of Lymphocytes

A

T-Cells,B-Cells, NK-cells

80
Q

what percent of white blood cells are lymphocytes

A

25%

81
Q

MCH definition

A

major histocompatibility complex, surface molecule on cell

82
Q

How do NK cells defend host

A

detect infected or tumor cells by MHC changes and kill them

83
Q

2 types of T cells

A

Helper and Inflammatory

84
Q

how do Helper T cells defend host

A

Help activate B cell to produce antibodies

85
Q

how do Inflammatory T cells defend host

A

indicate infection location to neutrophils and macrophages

86
Q

Where are helper T cells activated

A

Thymus Gland

87
Q

B lymphocytes are white blood cells or red blood cells

A

white

88
Q

Where are B lymphocytes formed?

A

bone marrow

89
Q

Which cells activate B lymphocytes

A

T-Cells

90
Q

how do B-cells defend host

A

antibody creation targeted at infection

91
Q

What do B cells eventually become

A

memory B cells

92
Q

What percent of white blood cells are Basophils

A

1%

93
Q

What percent of white blood cells are Eosinophils

A

3%

94
Q

What percent of white blood cells are Monocytes

A

8%

95
Q

white blood cell development from stem cell

A

stem cell -> myeloblast -> specialized cells

96
Q

Basophil role

A

release heparin and histamine, 1% of WBC

97
Q

Eosinophil role

A

parasite and reactions to allergies, 3% of WBC

98
Q

Monocyte role

A

waste and artifact removal after infection, 8% of WBC

99
Q

Thrombocytes term in humans

A

platelets

100
Q

site of thrombocyte production

A

bone marrow

101
Q

thrombocytes help make blood _ to slow blood flow

A

thicker

102
Q

thrombocytes are utilized by the body to _ _

A

clot blood

103
Q

thrombocytes contain _, which stimulate tissue regeneration

A

growth factors

104
Q

how are platelets and tissue cells used to create fibrin for blood clotting?

A

tissue cells and platelets -> prothrombin activator -> prothrombin releases Ca++ as it changed to thrombin -> fibrinogen -> fibrin

105
Q

liquid component of blood

A

plasma

106
Q

what percent of plasma is water?

A

92%

107
Q

what percent of plasma is nutrients and gasses?

A

8%

108
Q

3 plasma proteins

A

Albumin, Globulins, Fibrinogen

109
Q

What is the role of Albumin plasma protein?

A

viscosity

110
Q

What is the role of Globulin plasma protein?

A

antibodies

111
Q

What is the role of Fibrinogen plasma protein?

A

clotting

112
Q

What type of regulatory substances does plasma contain?

A

enzymes and hormones

113
Q

T/F blood plasma has cellular wastes

A

T

114
Q

Hematocrit definition

A

plasma to blood cells ratio

115
Q

PCV acronym

A

Packed cell volume in blood

116
Q

what is the PCV for men in general?

A

48%

117
Q

what is the PCV for women in general?

A

38%

Bio 2 (17 decks)

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