CHANGES DURING SOMATIC DEATH

Question 1

Primary Changes

Answer 1

Circulatory Failure
Respiratory Failure
CNS Failure

Question 2

Secondary Changes

Answer 2

ARLP DPA

Algor mortis
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
Post-mortem Clotting

Dessication
Putrefaction
Autolysis

Question 3

means that the patient has died.

Answer 3

somatic death

Question 4

Loss of ECG rhythm

Answer 4

Circulatory failure

Question 5

Cessation of respiration

Answer 5

Respiratory failure

Question 6

Loss of EEG rhythm

Answer 6

CNS failure

Question 7

Primary Changes
• Occurs______, then death follows

Answer 7

4-6 minutes

Question 8

This will be experienced by the body during complete cessation or loss of metabolic and functional activities of the body

Answer 8

Primary change

Question 9

• Cardiac function ceases
• Flat electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Absence of heartbeat

Answer 9

Circulatory Failure

Question 10

Decreased O2 and increased
CO2

Absence of respiratory sounds and movements

Answer 10

Respiratory Failure

Question 11

CPR prevents

Answer 11

Circulatory and Respiratory failure

Question 12

M2M prevents

Answer 12

Respiratory failure

Question 13

• Loss of coordination and reflexes

Absence of stem reflex
Absence of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity

Answer 13

CNS Failure

Question 14

• This can be presented or observed using the naked eye.
• Usually follows after death
• Can be observed during post-mortem examination

Answer 14

Secondary changes

Question 15

Body temperature decreases by
7°F per hour

Answer 15

Algor mortis

Question 16

Algor mortis

Body temperature decreases by…

Answer 16

7°F per hour

Question 17

The first demonstrable change observed in a dead body

Answer 17

Algor mortis

Question 18

Body temperature will adjust to the surroundings

Answer 18

Algor mortis

Question 19

Rigidity or stiffening of muscles due to lack of ATP

Answer 19

Rigor mortis

Question 20

Rigor mortis

• First appears in the….

• Observed in_____, followed by____, then_____

Answer 20

involuntary muscles of the heart

eyelids
neck
lower extremities

Question 21

Rigor mortis

Starts______
Completes______
Persists for_____

Answer 21

2-3 hrs post-mortem

6-12 hrs post-mortem

3-4 days

Question 22

Rigor mortis

• After 3-4 days,______ occurs due to breakdown of contracted muscles

Answer 22

relaxation

Question 23

First seen in the muscles of the head and the neck, down to the lower extremities.

Answer 23

Rigor mortis

Question 24

• Purplish discoloration of skin due to blood stasis

Answer 24

Livor Mortis

Question 25

Livor mortis is differentiated from

Answer 25

Ecchymosis

Question 26

These are bruises before death

Answer 26

Ecchymosis

Question 27

This is due to stoppage of blood circulation

Answer 27

Livor mortis

Question 28

If you put pressure on a specific area where there is discoloration, it will disappear then reappear when the pressure is released.

Answer 28

Livor mortis

Question 29

CAUSE Livor mortis: Ecchymosis:

Answer 29

Post-mortem stasis of blood Trauma before death

Question 30

APPLICATION OF PRESSURE Livor mortis: Ecchymosis:

Answer 30

Discoloration disappears No disappearance

Question 31

AFTER INCISION Livor mortis: Ecchymosis:

Answer 31

Has oozing blood No oozing of blood

Question 32

Occurs immediatelv after death Apparent only in autopsy

Answer 32

Post Mortem Clotting

Question 33

APPEARANCE POST MORTEM CLOT: ANTE-MORTEM CLOT:

Answer 33

Upper layer is clear (chicken fat); RBC settled at the lowest part of blood vessels (currant jelly) Tangled; irregular fibrin

Question 34

SHAPE POST MORTEM CLOT: ANTE-MORTEM CLOT:

Answer 34

Assumed blood vessel shape Seldomly assumes blood vessel shape

Question 35

CONSISTENCY POST MORTEM CLOT: ANTE-MORTEM CLOT:

Answer 35

Rubbery Non-rubbery

Question 36

NEXT 3 STAGES OF DEATH

Answer 36

Dessication Putrefaction Autolysis

Question 37

The next 3 stages of death occurs______ and leads to the_______

Answer 37

simultaneously total digestion of cells

Question 38

• General drying and wrinkling of fluid-filled organs

Answer 38

Desiccation

Question 39

Desiccation Most evident on the_____ and the____

Answer 39

cornea anterior chamber of the eye

Question 40

Greenish blue discoloration with Odor

Answer 40

Putrefaction

Question 41

Putrefaction ______discoloration with Odor

Answer 41

Greenish blue

Question 42

Putrefaction Release of gas due to invasion of the tissue by a bacteria called ________

Answer 42

Clostridium welchii

Question 43

= sullphahemoglobin (green)

Answer 43

Hydrogen sulfide + hemoglobin

Question 44

Hydrogen sulfide + hemoglobin =

Answer 44

sullphahemoglobin (green)

Question 45

"Self-destruction" The self-digestion of the cells by their own enzymes

Answer 45

Autolysis

Question 46

Autolysis First external sign is the______

Answer 46

whitish appearance of cornea

Question 47

T or F RBC can undergo Autolysis

Answer 47

FALSE bcs wala siya nucleus