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Histopath LEC > GENERAL PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

GENERAL PATHOLOGY Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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2
Q

Ectoderm (forms the______)

Mesoderm (develops into_____)

Endoderm (forms the______)

A

exoskeleton

organs

inner lining of organs

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3
Q

Divisions of Pathology

A

A. Gross Pathology
B. Microscopic Pathology

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4
Q

Four Aspects of a Disease Process

A

A. Etiology
B. Pathogenesis
C. Morphologic and Molecular Changes
D. Clinical Manifestations

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5
Q

Stages of the Cellular Response to Stress and Iniurious Stimuli

A

A. Homeostasis
B. Adaptation
C. Cell Injury
D. Other Responses (Autophagy, Intracellular Accumulation of Substances, Pathologic Calcification, Cellular Aging)

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6
Q

• The innermost layer

A

Endoderm

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7
Q

• The middle lining

A

Mesoderm

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8
Q

Endoderm

Will develop into the following cells:

A

the Lung Cells (Alveolar Cell)

Thyroid Cells

Digestive Cells (Pancreatic Cell)

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9
Q

Mesoderm

• Will develop into the following organ cells:

A

the Cardiac Muscle Cells

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Tubule Cells of the Kidney

Red Blood Cells

Smooth Muscle Cells (in gut)

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10
Q

• The outermost part

A

Ectoderm

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11
Q

• Forms the exoskeleton (involves in giving structures, shape in a certain tissue or entity)

A

Ectoderm

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12
Q

Epidermis

Can be found in

A

skin cells of epidermis

neuron on brain

pigment cells

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13
Q

FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES:

A

• Epithelial Tissue
• Connective Tissue
• Muscular Tissue
• Nervous Tissue

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14
Q

• Functions to provide protection

• Can be found in the skin, also in the various linings of the organs and passages

A

Epithelial Tissue

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15
Q

Provides blood supply to the epithelium

Connects the tissue to bones, tendons, in order to provide nutrients, and blood supply to the different parts of the body

A

Connective Tissue

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16
Q
  • The major ingredient in all connective tissue
A

COLLAGEN

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17
Q

Types of Connective Tissue:

A

• Connective Tissue Proper
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood
• Muscular Tissue
• Nervous Tissue

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18
Q

2 types of Connective Tissue Proper

A

Loose ct
Dense ct

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19
Q

Loose ct (3)

ARA

A

• Areolar
• Adipose
• Reticular

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20
Q

Dense ct (3)

RIE

A

Regular
Irreguar
Elastic

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21
Q

Cartilage (3)

A

Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Hyaline

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22
Q

Bone (2)

A

Compact
Spongy

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23
Q

Tissue involved in movement

A

Muscular Tissue

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24
Q

Three basic types of muscular tissue

A

• Skeletal muscle (Voluntary)
• Cardiac muscle (Involuntary)
• Smooth muscle (Involuntary)

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25
• Send signal, impulse, and messages from the brain to other parts of the body
Nervous Tissue
26
• A broad and complex branch of science because we are dealing with diseases, including the effects of these diseases on our body and the consequences to our tissue and cells
GENERAL PATHOLOGY
27
Why do we need to understand Histology?
• Disease processes affect tissues in distinctive ways, which depend on the type of tissue and the disease itself. • Understanding the changes that are characteristic of a disease requires detailed knowledge of the normal histology of cells and tissues and the range of normality. • Knowing the type of tissue and their composition is important in the selection of the appropriate histopathologic technique and stain to be used. • These changes within cells and tissues can be visualized using histopathologic techniques.
28
PATHOLOGY • Taken from the Greek word "Pathos" and "Logos," which means ______
study of suffering or disease
29
• Underlying cause of death • Structural and functional changes in cells, tissue, and organs • Molecular bases of diseases
HISTOPATHOLOGY
30
- Father of Modern Pathology
Rudolf Virchow
31
- Father of Medicine
Hippocrates
32
humor:
Yellow Bile Black Bile Blood Phlegm
33
Pathology is divided into two major areas:
GROSS PATHOLOGY MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY
34
• Changes in the tissue that can be seen by the naked eye • You will be identifying the shape, color, size, and consistency of the tissue
GROSS PATHOLOGY
35
• Changes in the tissue that can be seen using the microscope
MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY
36
Under microscopic pathology
Clinical pathology Anatomical pathology
37
• Compositions of body fluids, tissues, secretion, exudates, and transudates
Clinical Pathology
38
Clinical Pathology • Compositions of
body fluids tissues secretion exudates transudates
39
Under Clinical Pathology:
• Clinical Chemistry • Bacteriology • Clinical Microscopy • Hematology • Immunology-Serology
40
Removal of an organ/tissue in the body for examination/diagnosis
Anatomical Pathology
41
Under Anatomical Pathology:
• Histopathology
42
Any change from a state of health as a result of certain forms of stimuli and stress.
Disease
43
FOUR ASPECTS OF A DISEASE PROCESS EPMC
Etiology Pathogenesis Morphologic and Molecular Changes Clinical manifestations
44
(Cause of disease/oriain of disease Genetic or Acquired Factors (a.k.a Root Cause or Causative Agents)
Etiology
45
Mechanisms of the development of the disease
Pathogenesis
46
Sequence of events from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of the disease
Pathogenesis
47
Structural, biochemical and molecular alterations as a result of disease
Morphologic and molecular changes
48
MORPHOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR CHANGES
Structural Changes Biochemical Changes
49
•Functional consequence of the changes
Clinical manifestations
50
Under clinical manifestations
Signs Symptoms
51
Effects that can be observed by others Example: chickenpox, rashes
Signs
52
Effects apparent only to the patient Example: headache
Symptoms
53
STAGES OF THE CELLULAR RESPONSE TO STRESS AND INJURIES STIMULI (i draw sa papel!!!!!!)
Normal cell (Homeostasis) Adaptation Cell injury Reversible injury Irreversible injury - Necrosis - Apoptosis
54
2 types of cell death
Necrosis Apoptosis
55
Inability to adapt
Cell injury
56
Sever progressive cell injury
Irreversible injury
57
Mild transient cell injury
Reversible injury
58
• It is through which normal cells handle physiologic demands • Act of maintaining a steady state
HOMEOSTASIS
59
• Changes made by the cell in response to environmental changes (stress or stimuli)
ADAPTATION
60
Example: Cell injury or death Inability to adapt
ADAPTATION
61
Altered cell structure or function
Cell injury
62
Altered cell structure or function due to:
ㅇ Inability to adapt ㅇ Exposure to injurious stimuli ㅇDeprivation from essential nutrients
63
Types of cell injury
Reversible Irreversible
64
Physiologic Changes "Program Cell Death or Active Cell Death"
Apoptosis
65
Example of apoptosis
Example: death of RBC after 120 days
66
• Pathologic Changes "Passive Cell Death or Accidental Cell Death"
Necrosis
67
Example of necrosis
Example: cell death because of iniurious stimulus
68
STAGES OF THE CELLULAR RESPONSE TO STRESS AND INJURIOUS STIMULI: OTHER RESPONSES
• Autophagy (self-eating) • Intracellular Accumulation of Substances • Pathologic Calcification •Cellular Aging
69
The body will eat its own components in order to survive
Autophagy (self-eating)
70
• Acquire substances from neighboring cells
Intracellular Accumulation of Substances
71
• The level of calcium is increased; hence, the tissue is hardened. This happens in order to stop further destruction
Pathologic Calcification
72
• The cell is old so the function is already declining.
Cellular Aging

Histopath LEC (37 decks)

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