INFLAMMATION

Question 1

• A protective universal response to tissue damage (mechanical trauma, tissue necrosis, infection)

Answer 1

INFLAMMATION

Question 2

is not a disease, but a response of the body to a damaged tissue

Answer 2

Inflammation

Question 3

Inflammation may be

Answer 3

Beneficial
Harmful

Question 4

FUNCTIONS (BENEFIT) of INFLAMMATION

Answer 4

Contain damage and Isolate injury

Destroy cause of injury

Destroy resulting necrotic cells and tissues

Prepare tissue for healing and repair

Question 5

HARMFUL EFFECTS of INFLAMMATION

Answer 5

Swelling

Inappropriate inflammatory response

Digestion of normal tissues

Question 6

CARDINAL SIGNS

Answer 6

RR CHeat with TS to exp DP

RUBOR (redness)
CALOR (heat)
TUMOR (swelling)
DOLOR (pain)
FUNCTIO LAESA (loss of function)

Question 7

During inflammation, our blood vessels are permeable, therefore it will open and there will be blood entry leading to the redness of the inflamed part

Answer 7

RUBOR (redness)

Question 8

• Because of increased in permeability, there is transfer of internal heat

Answer 8

CALOR (heat)

Question 9

Due to the escape of proteins
Example: Edema

Answer 9

TUMOR (swelling)

Question 10

o Pain on a specific area because of:
the release of prostaglandins responsible for the pain the pressure

Answer 10

DOLOR (pain)

Question 11

• Example: Diabetic patients - no sensation because there is no blood supply on that specific part, such as feet, of the body

Answer 11

FUNCTIO LAESA (loss of function)

Question 12

Original 4 cardinal signs-

Answer 12

rubor
calor
tumor
dolor

Question 13

5th one is functio laesa which was added by

Answer 13

Virchow

Question 14

COMPONENTS OF INFLAMMATION

Answer 14

Vascular Reaction
Cellular Response

Question 15

VASCULAR REACTION

Answer 15

VASOCONSTRICTION

VASODILATION

ENDOTHELIAL ACTIVATION

Question 16

CELLULAR RESPONSE

Answer 16

NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION

Question 17

Occurs first and lasts only for seconds

Initial response of the immune system

It will constrict for a short period of time

Answer 17

VASOCONSTRICTION

Question 18

Increased diameter of blood vessels -> increased blood flow to area -› Erythema

Answer 18

VASODILATION

Question 19

Prepares for vasodilation

Answer 19

Vasoconstriction

Question 20

increased vascular permeability -› Edema (extravasation of liquid portion of blood)

Answer 20

Endothelial activation

Question 21

• WBCs enter site of injury
• Kill organism, remove debris
• Release chemokines

Answer 21

NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION

Question 22

(substances that attract
other immune substances to site of inflammation)

Answer 22

chemokines

Question 23

SEQUENTIAL STEPS OF A TYPICAL
INFLAMMATORY REACTION (5 Rs)

Answer 23

RECOGNITION of stimulus

RECRUITMENT of WBCs and proteins to site

REMOVAL of stimulus

REGULATION of response

REPAIR

Question 24

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO DURATION

Answer 24

Acute
Chronic
Sub Acute/ Chronic

Question 25

Short type of inflammation

Answer 25

Acute

Question 26

Acute The responsible WBCs to fight this type of inflammation are_____

Answer 26

Neutrophils

Question 27

The problem for neutrophils is that they have a______

Answer 27

short life span (1-5 days)

Question 28

• Long term type of inflammation

Answer 28

Chronic

Question 29

Chronic • The responsible WBCs are_____

Answer 29

Monocytes

Question 30

When you get a test for CBC, monocytes will have the highest count in your bloodstream

Answer 30

Chronic

Question 31

• In between Acute and Chronic • When you have your blood tested, the increased WBCs are ___________

Answer 31

Sub Acute/Chronic Neutrophils and Monocytes

Question 32

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO LOCATION

Answer 32

Localized Generalized/ Systemic

Question 33

o Ex: Pimples • Inflammation only in that one area • Not widespread; Only found on one side/part of the body

Answer 33

Localized

Question 34

• Is widespread It can be that the entire organ or entire system is affected • Ex: Gingivitis,

Answer 34

Generalized/Systemic

Question 35

COMPONENTS OF INFLAMMATION ACCORDING TO CHARACTER OF EXUDATE

Answer 35

Serous Fibrinous Catarrhal Suppurative/ Purulent Hemorrhagic

Question 36

• Watery; protein-poor • Ex: Chicken Pox

Answer 36

SEROUS

Question 37

• Protein-rich (such as fibrinogen) • More severe compared to Serous • Blood vessels are opened resulting in the escape of proteins

Answer 37

Fibrinous

Question 38

• Mucus and debris • Common for patients with Tuberculosis • Ex: Cough, Sipon

Answer 38

Catarrhal

Question 39

Pus and abcess

Answer 39

Suppurative/ Purulent

Question 40

• Composed of dead neutrophils, necrotic cells, and edema fluid

Answer 40

Pus

Question 41

Collection of Pus • Accumulated amount of Pus

Answer 41

Abscess

Question 42

RBC leakage or Leakage of blood • Ex: Hematoma

Answer 42

Hemorrhagic

Question 43

Examples of serous

Answer 43

• Skin Blisters • Pericarditis

Question 44

Examples of fibrinous

Answer 44

Adhesions Following Surgery

Question 45

Example of catarrhal

Answer 45

Runny nose as with Common Cold

Question 46

Example of purulent

Answer 46

Abscesses, Boils, Cellulitis

Question 47

Example of hemorrhagic

Answer 47

Hematoma

Question 48

The goal of ______ after inflammation is to restore the normal structure

Answer 48

tissue repair

Question 49

THREE TYPES OF CELLS ACCORDING TO THEIR GENERATING CAPACITY

Answer 49

Labile cells Stable cells Permanent cells

Question 50

o divide actively throughout its lifespan o capable of regeneration every after injury

Answer 50

Labile cells

Question 51

ex: hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow, lining of the surface of the genitourinary tract, epidermis of the skin

Answer 51

Labile cells

Question 52

capable of regenerating only when needed Go phase of the cell cycle but they can further progress to the cell cycle

Answer 52

Stable cells

Question 53

ex: hepatocytes, renal tubular cells

Answer 53

Stable cells

Question 54

cannot regenerate because they are incapable of division

Answer 54

Permanent cells

Question 55

ex: neurons, myocardial cells

Answer 55

Permanent cells

Question 56

TISSUE REPAIR

Answer 56

• Cellular proliferation • During repair process - removal of debris • Formation of granulation tissue • Scarring • Progressive contraction of wound occurs resulting in the deformity of the original structure

Question 57

• has many factors fibroblast is the most important component • fibroblast will turn into a scar • growth factors

Answer 57

Cellular proliferation

Question 58

• granulation consists of capillaries and fibroblasts it fills defects created by liquefaction of the cellular debris

Answer 58

Formation of granulation tissue

Question 59

fibroblast produces collagen and collagen will produce ____

Answer 59

Scarring