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Histopath LEC > DECALCIFICATION > Flashcards

DECALCIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Decalcification

A

Purpose:

• Removal of calcium and lime salts

• Done after fixation and before dehydration and impregnation

• Calcium might interfere with accurate evaluation and examination

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2
Q

Significance of Decalcification

A

• Facilitate normal cutting of tissue in sectioning

• Prevent obscuring microanatomical detail of tissue

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3
Q

Organs that require decalcification:

A

• Bones
• Tuberculous Lungs
• Arteriosclerotic Vessels
• Teeth

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4
Q

Characteristics of a good decalcifying agent

A

• Rapid, cheap, inexpensive
• Should also render best and accurate result
• Safe
• Readily available

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5
Q

Unique characteristics of a decalcifying agent

A

Stable
Easily available
Inexpensive
Easy to prepare

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6
Q

Factors affecting the rate of decalcification

A

Concentration
Tissue-to-Volume ratio
Temperature
Mechanical agitation
Size and consistency of tissue sample

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7
Q

If agent is less concentrated…

A

Slow acting

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8
Q

What is the tissue to volume ratio

A

1 : 20

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9
Q

It is the key to a rapid decalcification of tissue

A

Mechanical agitation

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10
Q

If the tissue is large and thick…

A

Longer decalcification process

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11
Q

Four types of decalcifying agents

A

Acid
Chelating agents
Ion exchange resin
Electrophoreis

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12
Q

Type of acids used in decalcification

A

Nitric acid
HCl
Formic acid
Trichloroacetic acid
Sulfurous acid
Chromic acid
Citric acid-Citrate buffer sol.

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13
Q

Conc. Of nitric acid

A

5-10%

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14
Q

Routine of mst commonly used decalcifying agent

A

Nitric acid

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15
Q

Fastest decalcifying agent in the market now

A

Nitric acid

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16
Q

Nitric acid imparts a color ______ to the tissue sample through ______ formation

A

Yellow

Nitrous acid

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17
Q

What is the remedy caused by the yellow coloration of nitric acid

A

Add urea or sodium thiosulfate/ sulfate

70% ROH

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18
Q

Variations of nitric acid

A

10% aqueous nitric acid solution

Formol nitric acid

Perenyis fluid

Phloroglucinol-Nitric acid

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19
Q

Primarily used as surface decalcification

20
Q

Components of perenyi’s fluid

A

Nitric acid + chromic acid + ROH

21
Q

Fastest decalcifying agent

A

Phloroglucinol-Nitric Acid

22
Q

Provides good nuclear staining at 1%

23
Q

Lower and causes more distortion than nitric acid

24
Q

Von ebner’s fluid is what type of acid

25
Decalcifying agent used for teeth and small bones
HCl Von ebner’s fluid
26
Component of von ebner’s fluid
HCl + 36% NaCl + distiled water
27
Good for routine decalcification of post-mortem research tissues, small pieces of teeth and bone, ISH staining
Formic Acid
28
If the formic acid contains a large amount of_____, it produces better nuclear staining and less tissue distortion
nitric acid
29
Best for small bone spicules Good nuclear staining Slow, weak
Trichloroacetic acid
30
Best for minute bone spicules
Chromic acid
31
Chromic acid is also known as
Flemming’s fluid
32
Best for minute pieces of bone Weak
Sulfurous acid
33
Ph of citric acid citrate buffered solution
4.5
34
principle of chelating agents Use of other ____ to form complexes with _____ for ease of removal
Salts Calcium salts
35
Chelating agents are utilized in ________ and _______ with the help of electron microscope
Immunohistochemistry Enzyme stainig
36
Duration for chelating agents Small tissue sample Longer and dense bones
1-3 weeks 6-8 weeks
37
Ph of chelating agents
7-7.4
38
Common brand of chelating agent
CalEx and Versene Contains Na2EDTA
39
Principle of ION EXCHANGE RESIN Increase_____ Uses formic acid with TSE :_________ (ratio)
solubility Formic acid of 1:20-30
40
Remove calcium ions from formic acid containing decalcifying solutions Not recommended for hydrochloric acid and nitric acid fluid containing mineral acids
ION EXCHANGE RESIN
41
ION EXCHANGE RESIN Decalcification Extent: Can be measured using physical method by simply _______the tissue sample and/or______
bending or poking X-ray method
42
Principle OF ELECTROPHORESIS • Attracting______ going to the cathode part of the____
calcium ions agarose gel
43
Advantage of Electrophoresis
Time is shortened due to heat and electrolytic reaction produced in the process
44
T or F Electrophoresis is used for large bones
False
45
Electrophresis Decalcification Extent: Best Measured Using:
• Physical or Mechanical Test • X-ray or Radiologic Method • Chemical Method

Histopath LEC (37 decks)

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