Chapter 03A: Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations

Question 1

Compound

Answer 1

Substance with 2+ elements CHEMICALLY combined in a DEFINITE proportion by mass

Can be decomposed into simpler substances

Question 2

Chemical formula

Answer 2

An abbreviation for compounds

Contains symbols & ratio of atoms/elements

Question 3

Molecular formula

Answer 3

Gives ACTUAL number of atoms of each element, in the smallest unit of substance

H2O

Question 4

Empirical formula

Answer 4

Shows SIMPLEST (reduced) whole-number ratio of atoms in a substance

C6H12O6 –> CH2O

Question 5

Structural formula

Answer 5

Uses lines to represent covalent bonds

Shows how atoms are connected or bonded to each other

Question 6

Chemical bonds

Answer 6

Forces that hold atoms together in compounds

Question 7

Ionic bond

Answer 7

Type of chemical bond
Attraction between oppositely charged ions
Occurs between metals (cations) and nonmetals (anions)
TRANSFER of 1+ electrons from metal to nonmetal

RESULT: Ionic compound

Question 8

Covalent bond

Answer 8

Type of chemical bond
Occurs between 2+ nonmetals/metalloids
SHARING of electrons

RESULT: Molecule, molecular compound

Question 9

Atomic elements

Answer 9

Exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

Most elements fall into this category

Question 10

Molecular elements

Answer 10

Exist normally in nature as molecules

Question 11

Diatomic elements (7)

Answer 11

H - Hydrogen
N - Nitrogen
O - Oxygen
F - Fluorine
Cl - Chlorine
Br - Bromine
I - Iodine

Question 12

Polyatomic elements (3)

Answer 12

P - Phosphorus (P4)
S - Sulfur (S8)
Se - Selenium (Se8)

Question 13

Ionic compound

Answer 13

Cation + anion

Question 14

Formula unit

Answer 14

Basic unit of ionic compound
The smallest, electrically neutral collection of ions

e.g. NaCl

Question 15

Monatomic ion

Answer 15

1 atom

e.g. Na ion

Question 16

Polyatomic ion

Answer 16

2+ atoms

e.g. nitrate

Question 17

Nomenclature: ionic

Answer 17

Metal + nonmetal/anion

Cation (charge) + anion + ide

Question 18

Nomenclature: molecular

Answer 18

Nonmetals/metalloids

Prefix (2+) + 1st element + prefix + 2nd element + ide

Question 19

Nomenclature: binary acid

Answer 19

Hydrogen + nonmetal

Hydro + nonmetal + ic + acid

*(aq) aqueous

Question 20

Nomenclature: oxyacid

Answer 20

Hydrogen + oxyanion

Oxyanion + ic (ate) OR ous (ite) + acid

*(aq) aqueous

Question 21

Acid

Answer 21

Substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Hydrogen is written first to indicate that a substance is an acid

*To be called an acid, compound must be dissolved in water

Question 22

Binary acid

Answer 22

Acid with only 2 elements

Format: HX

Question 23

Oxyacids

Answer 23

Acid with hydrogen cation/ion and an oxyanion

Question 24

Oxyanion prefix: per

Answer 24

One more oxygen than -ate

Question 25

Oxyanion suffix: ate

Answer 25

Becomes -ic acid

Question 26

Oxyanion suffix: ite

Answer 26

Becomes -ous acid

Question 27

Oxyanion prefix: hypo

Answer 27

One less oxygen than -ite

Question 28

Base

Answer 28

Substance that yields hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Question 29

Hydrate

Answer 29

Ionic compounds (solids) that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them as part of their crystalline structure Often decompose by losing water upon heating

Question 30

Anhydrous

Answer 30

Without water

Question 31

Waters of hydration

Answer 31

Number of water molecules present per formula unit (ionic compound)

Question 32

Nomenclature: hydrate

Answer 32

Ionic compound + hydrate prefix + hydrate

Question 33

Molecular prefix: 1

Answer 33

Mono-

Question 34

Molecular prefix: 2

Answer 34

Di-

Question 35

Molecular prefix: 3

Answer 35

Tri-

Question 36

Molecular prefix: 4

Answer 36

Tetra-

Question 37

Molecular prefix: 5

Answer 37

Penta-

Question 38

Molecular prefix: 6

Answer 38

Hexa-

Question 39

Molecular prefix: 7

Answer 39

Hepta-

Question 40

Molecular prefix: 8

Answer 40

Octa-

Question 41

Molecular prefix: 9

Answer 41

Nona-

Question 42

Molecular prefix: 10

Answer 42

Deca-

Question 43

Hydrate prefix: 1/2

Answer 43

Hemi-