chapter 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of external, internal structures, observation of the body and relationship between body parts

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

study o how the body functions, study of the mechanism of the body (how the structures work)

Question 3

microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

study of the structures that cannot be seen without magnification

Question 4

cytology (microscopic anatomy)

Answer 4

`study of cells

Question 5

histology (microscopic anatomy)

Answer 5

study of tissue

Question 6

macroscopic anatomy

Answer 6

study of structured that can be seen without magnification

Question 7

surface anatomy

Answer 7

superficial anatomy markings

Question 8

regional anatomy

Answer 8

structures in specific area of the body wether superficial or deep

Question 9

systemic anatomy

Answer 9

study of the organ systems of the body

Question 10

developmental anatomy

Answer 10

examine structural changes over time

Question 11

embryology

Answer 11

study of early developmental stages (until 8 weeks, most miscarriages happen at 8 weeks when embryo becomes a fetus)

Question 12

comparative anatomy

Answer 12

considers different tyopes of animals

Question 13

clinical anatomy

Answer 13

focuses on pathological (disease) changes during illness

Question 14

surgical anatomy

Answer 14

studies anatomical landmarks important for surgical procedure

Question 15

radiographic anatomy

Answer 15

the study anatomical structures with the use of x-rays or ultrasound scans on an intact body

Question 16

cross-sectional anatomy

Answer 16

the use of radiographic techniques (CT and MRI) to look at cross sections of the body

Question 17

levels of organization

Answer 17

go from simple to complex (chemical/ molecular, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism)

Question 18

chemical/ molecular

Answer 18

over a dozen elements in the body (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen make up 99% of the body)

Question 19

major classes of compounds

Answer 19

water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 20

cell

Answer 20

smallest living unit int eh body

Question 21

tissue

Answer 21

many cells and some surrounding material (collection of cells with similar functions or common embryonic origin or they resemble another) come from same stem cells

Question 22

organ

Answer 22

combination of tissues (2 or more tissues)

Question 23

organ system

Answer 23

combination of various organ make up a specific system (ex: the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreases make up the digestive system) 11 organ systems

Question 24

integumentary systems

Answer 24

protection from environmental hazards; temperature control (sweat and oil glands, fingernails, hair)

Question 25

skeletal system

Answer 25

support, protection of soft tissue; mineral storage (calcium in the bones); blood formation (bone marrow), ligamet= connect bone to bone, tendon= connects muscle to bone

Question 26

muscular system

Answer 26

locomotion, support, heat production (shivering generates heat, muscle contractions)

Question 27

nervous system

Answer 27

directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems. (central= brain and spinal cord)

Question 28

endocrine system

Answer 28

directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems (pancrease= insulin) (kidney=vit d)

Question 29

cardiovascular

Answer 29

internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients wastes, and gasses (heart, capillary, arteries and veins)

Question 30

lymphoid system

Answer 30

defense against infection and disease (fluid that leaves blood vessels and is reabsorbed by the lymphatic system)

Question 31

respiratory sysem

Answer 31

delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood (nasal cavity, sinus, larynx, bronchi, lung, diaphragm, trachea, oharynx, lungs)

Question 32

digestive

Answer 32

processing of food and absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water (salivary gland, oharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, oancreas, small int, large int, anus, stomach)

Question 33

urinary system

Answer 33

eliminates excess salt, water and waste (urinary bladder, kidney, urthr, ureter)

Question 34

reproductive

Answer 34

production of sex cells and hormones (male= prostate gland, siminal gland, ductus deferns, urethra, epididymis, testis, penis, scrotum) (female= mammary gland, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina, external genitalia)

Question 35

responsiveness (irritability)

Answer 35

change in activity based on a stimulus

Question 36

adaptability

Answer 36

long term responsiveness

Question 37

growth

Answer 37

increase in size of an organism

Question 38

differentiation

Answer 38

becoming specialized to perform particular functions

Question 39

movement

Answer 39

ability to change the position of something

Question 40

metabolism

Answer 40

all chemical reactions in the body

Question 41

anabolism

Answer 41

synthesis of complex molecules

Question 42

catabolism

Answer 42

breakdown of complex molecules

Question 43

absorption

Answer 43

process of bringing chemicals into the body

Question 44

respiration

Answer 44

the absorption, transport, and use fo oxygen in cells

Question 45

digestion

Answer 45

the process fo catabolism that makes nutrients small enough to be absorbed