chapter 20

Question 1

two compounds of blood

Answer 1

plasma (liquid matrix) and formed elements (everything inside the plasma which is erythrocyte, leukocyte and platlets)

Question 2

hypovelemic

Answer 2

low blood volume

Question 3

hypervelemic

Answer 3

excessive blood/plasma volume

Question 4

plasma

Answer 4

55% of blood, made of 92% water, 7% protein 1% other stuff

Question 5

plasma proteins

Answer 5

albumins, globulins, fibrogen

Question 6

formed elements

Answer 6

everything but plasma

Question 7

plasma v intersitital fluid

Answer 7

plasma has more dissolved oxygen and less carbon dioxide (diffuses out of tissue)
-interstitial fluid does not have dissolved tissue but plasma does

Question 8

albumin

Answer 8

contribute to osmotic pressure, smalles protein

Question 9

fibrogen

Answer 9

largest protein and helps clotting

Question 10

immunoglobulins

Answer 10

antibodies

Question 11

hematocrit

Answer 11

packed cell volume

Question 12

rbc structure

Answer 12

-bioconcave disc
-thin central region
-lack organelles and nucleus

Question 13

rbc no nucleus

Answer 13

let it travelt hrough circulation and be flexible

Question 14

rbc lack mitochondria

Answer 14

mitochondria use oxygen to make atp and without it oxygen can be transported instead of being used

Question 15

what transports oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Answer 15

hemoglobin

Question 16

hemoglobin

Answer 16

-four polypeptide subunits that each contain a molecule of heme (porphyrin ring/ iron ion ring)
-iron binds to the oxygen and the polypeptide unit binds to co2

Question 17

cabon monoxide

Answer 17

competes with the heme ring for binding sites which makes it dangerous bc lack of oxy and ppl die

Question 18

blood type

Answer 18

-determined by antigen on cell surface
-antigen= agglutinogens (glycoproteins or glycolipids)
-three types of agglutinogens (a b and d)

Question 19

o type blood

Answer 19

both a or b angglutinogen

Question 20

a type

Answer 20

b agglutinin antibody in plamsa

Question 21

b type

Answer 21

a agglutinin in plasma which is why they can not receive a blood, the a agglutinin has antibodies against a

Question 22

ab type

Answer 22

neither agglutinin

Question 23

agglutinin

Answer 23

causes clumping

Question 24

universal recipient

Answer 24

ab type (rarest also)

Question 25

leukocytes

Answer 25

-granulocytes or agranulocytes -short life span -diapedesis

Question 26

granulocytes

Answer 26

-neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 27

agranulocytes

Answer 27

-monocytes and lymophocytes

Question 28

leukopenia

Answer 28

low leukocyte count

Question 29

leukocytosis

Answer 29

high leuk count

Question 30

differential count

Answer 30

determines which leuk is in excess or too low

Question 31

diapedisis

Answer 31

leukocytes crawl out of capillaries into the tissue

Question 32

chemotaxis

Answer 32

tells leukocytes where to go through chemotactic agents

Question 33

neutrophils

Answer 33

kill bacteria -first wbc at the site -phagocytic -multilobes nucleus

Question 34

eosinophils

Answer 34

-reduce inflammation -allergic reaction -bilobed nucleus

Question 35

basophils

Answer 35

-histamine and heparin -cold, allergy, runny nose (histamine) -heparin (prevents blood clotting) -hidden nucleus

Question 36

monocytes

Answer 36

-large and phagocytic -attract fibroblasts and other phagocytes -kidney nucleus

Question 37

fibroblasts

Answer 37

produce collagen at the infected site -collagen makes scar tissue

Question 38

lymphocyte

Answer 38

-t, b, or natural killer -large nucleus -viral infections

Question 39

t cells

Answer 39

attack foreign cells

Question 40

b cells

Answer 40

secrete antibodies to attack foreign cells

Question 41

natural killers

Answer 41

immune surveillance

Question 42

platlets

Answer 42

-come from megakaryocytes -megakaryocyte= platelet thromboplastin factor

Question 43

thrombocytopenia

Answer 43

-low thrombocytes -cause spontaneous bleeding over mouth, skin and anus

Question 44

thrombocytosis

Answer 44

-high thrombocytes -clump into clots

Question 45

function of platelets

Answer 45

-clotting (hemostasis) -release platelet htormboplastin factor -form plug -actin and myosin that contract the clot

Question 46

hemopoiesis

Answer 46

-blood formation -begin with pluripotential stem cells -myeloid and lymphoid stem cells myeloid becomes erythrocytes, plastelets and everything but lymphocytes

Question 47

step by step formation erythro

Answer 47

-myeloid cell, progenitor cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte and erythrocyte

Question 48

plastelet step by step

Answer 48

-myeloid to progenitor to megakeryoblast to platelet

Question 49

leuokocyte step by step

Answer 49

myeloid, progenitor, meyloblast and monoblast, myelocyte, promonocytes, then banded cells, segmented cells to basophil, eosinophil or neutrophil -monocyte comes right from promonocyte

Question 50

step by step wbc

Answer 50

lympohoid, lymphoblast, prolymohocyte, lymphocytes, b, t or nk