Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > chapter 5 part 1 > Flashcards

chapter 5 part 1 Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

skeletal system

A

skeletal bones, cartilage, ligaments, connective tissue to stabalize the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bones

A

“dynamic organs” that are made up of severl other tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

support

A

the framework for the attachment of other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

storage of minerals

A

calcium ions: 98% of the body calcium ions are in the bones and there are also phosphate ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

blood cell production

A

bone marrow produces erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets (thrombocytes); fat is also in the marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

leverage

A

muscles pull on the bones to produce movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

protection

A

ribs protect heart and lungs, skill protects the brain, vertabrae protect the spinal cord and the pelvic bone protects the reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bones (osseous tissue) parts

A

supporting connective tissue, outer linning, and inner linning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

connective tissue

A

specialized cells and solid matrix (material around the cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

outer linning

A

periosteum,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

inner lining

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

matrix

A

calcium phosphate eventually converts to hydroxyapatite crystals and the crystals are resistant to compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

collagen fibers

A

make up 2/3 of the bone matrix, contribute to bone tensile strength, collagen and hydroxyapatite make the bone tissue strong and reinforce it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bone cells

A

make up 2% of the bone mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells, maintain the protein and mineral content of the matirx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osteoblasts

A

-immature bone cells, found on the inner and outer surfaces of bone and produce osteoid (involved in making the matrix)
-involved in making new bone (osteogenesis)
-can also convert to osteocytes (when they mature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

osteogenesis

A

creation of new bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

osteoprogenitor cells

A

found on the inner and outer surfaces of bone and they differentiate to form new osteoblasts, also involved in repairing broken bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

osteoclasts

A

secrete acids that dissolve bone and release stored calcium and phosphate ions into blood (osteolysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

reasons to break down bone

A

get rid of old cells, make new cells, blood calcium levels are too low the osteoblasts break it down to release calcium and raise levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

osteon

Study These Flashcards
A

basic unit of skeletal bones including the central canal, canaliculi, osteocytes, lacunae and lamellae

22
Q

central canal

Study These Flashcards
A

blood vessels, nerves in it

23
Q

two types of osseous tissue

Study These Flashcards
A

compact bone and spongy bone

24
Q

compact bone (dense bone)

Study These Flashcards
A

type of osseous tissue, dense and solid, forms the walls of bone outlining the medullary cavity

25
spongy bone (trabecular bone)
-looks like a sponge, open network of pates and makes the bone light weight -trabeculae are arranges in parallel struts and form branching plates -trabeculae also form an open network
26
red bone marrow
in the spongy bone (makes blood)
27
compact bone layer
around the spongy bone, has osteons and makes up the dense, solid portion fo the bone
28
medullary cavity
in the middle under the spongy bone and compact bone
29
spongy bone cross section
no central canal
30
support of compact bone
conducts stress from one area of the body to another area, support from end to end and is weak from the sides
31
support of spongy bone
trabeculae create strength to deal with stress form the side
32
epiphysis
each end of the long bones
33
diaphysis
shaft of the long bones
34
metaphysis
narrow growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis at each end
35
periosteum
-tendons and ligaments are attached to it -isolates and protects the bone from surrounding tissue -route and place for attachment for circulatory and nervous supply -part of growth and repair -connects bone to the connctive tissue network of deep fascia
36
periosteum and tendons
tendons are cemented into the lamellae by osteoblasts (tendons are part of the bone)
37
children growing
cartilage expands in the metaphysis and becomes bone
38
endosteum
inner surface of the bone and lines the medullary cavity -consists of osteoprogenitor cells and are involved in growth and repair
39
first 6 weeks of development
skeleton made of cartilage
40
ossification
cartilage cells replaced by bone cells 2 types -intramembranous ossification -endochondral ossification
41
osteogenesis
bone formation
42
calcification
deposition of calcium ions into the bone tissue
43
intramembranous ossification
development of the clavicle, mandible, skull and face -mesenchymal cells differentiate and form osteoblasts that start to secrete matrix where they get trapped -osteoblasts than differentiate to form osteocytes eventually form compact bone -OCCURS IN A MEMBRANE -MEMBRANE BECOMES BONE
44
endochondral ossification
involved in the development of limbs, vertebrae and hips -cartilage becomes bone -cartilage matrix grows inward (interstitial growth) -cartilage matrix growth outwards (appositional growth) -blood vessels grow around the cartilage -perichondrial cells concert to osteoblasts that develop the superficial layer of the bone around the cartilage -blood vessels penetrate cartilage -osteoblasts develop spongy bone in the diaphysis -becomes the primary center of ossification
45
intersitial growth
cartilage matrix grows inward
46
appositional growth
cartilage matrix grows outward (diameter of bone gets larger) -blood vessels running parallel to bone become surrounded by bone cells -"tunnels" form that have blood vessels in them
47
bone development
-cartilage shaped like bone -blood vessls grow into epiphysis which becomes the secondary oss center -osteoclasts break down bone in the center and make it hollow then build one on the sides -hollowed out bone turns to spongy bone -epishyseal cartilage grows wider and turns to bone during late teens -layer of cartilage left around the bone
48
endochondrial ossification continued
-cartilage near the epiphysis concerts to bone -blood vessels penetrate the epiphysis -osteoblasts begin to develop spongy bone in the epiphysis -epiphysis becomes the secondary center of ossification
49
epiphyseal plate
area of cartilage in metaphysis also called epiphyseal cartilage (near the diaphysis) -width gets narrower with age
50
enlarging bone diameter (appositional growth)
-osteoblasts produce matrix and create concentric rings -osteoblasts are laying down more bone material, osteoclasts are dissolving the inner bone and creating marrow cavity

Anatomy (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions