chapter 14 part 1

Question 1

spinal cord

Answer 1

-can function with the brain or independantly

Question 2

brain

Answer 2

-can function with the spinal cord or independantly

Question 3

spinal cord features

Answer 3

-45cm long
-from brain to L1
-5 regions

Question 4

cervical enlargement

Answer 4

nerves to the arm

Question 5

lumbosacral enlargement

Answer 5

nerves to the legs

Question 6

conus medullaris

Answer 6

inferioir end of the spinal cord
-comes to a point or a cone

Question 7

cauda equina ON TEST

Answer 7

spinal nerves below the cord
-horsetail

Question 8

filum terminale

Answer 8

-connective tissue anchor of the spinal cord to the coccyx
-part of the coccygral ligament

Question 9

what is the dorsal root ON TEST

Answer 9

-sensory
-axons extend from the soma within the doral root ganglion

Question 10

what is the ventral root ON TEST

Answer 10

motor

Question 11

sensory nerves

Answer 11

-afferent
-transmit impulse towards the spinal cord

Question 12

motor nerves

Answer 12

-efferent
-transmit impulse away from the spinal cord

Question 13

spinal meninges

Answer 13

-specialized membranes
-protect
-stabalize/ absorb shocl

Question 14

what anchors the spinal cord ON TEST

Answer 14

-denticulate ligaments and filum terminale

Question 15

denticulate ligaments

Answer 15

help anchor spinal cord and position laterally

Question 16

filum terminale

Answer 16

anchors spinal cord inferiorly

Question 17

3 layers of spinal cord meninge

Answer 17

-dura mater
-arachnoid mater
-pia mater

Question 18

dura mater

Answer 18

-tough mother
-fibrous and outermost

Question 19

arachnoid

Answer 19

middle layer
-cerebrospinal fluid is underneath it

Question 20

pia mater

Answer 20

innermost layer

Question 21

gray matter

Answer 21

-central canal
-made of somas

Question 22

white matter

Answer 22

-made of myelin
-nerves organized into tracts/ columns
-outside the gray matter area

Question 23

somas

Answer 23

-organized into groups (nuclei)
-2 types
-sensory nuclei
-motor nuclei

Question 24

gray matter organization

Answer 24

-posterioir gray horns
-lateral gray horns (visceral motor nuclei)
-anterioir gray horns (somatic motor nuceli)
-gray commisure

Question 25

posterioir gray horns

Answer 25

somatic sensory and visceral nuclei

Question 26

gray commissure

Answer 26

made of axons crossing from one side to the other

Question 27

white matter organization

Answer 27

-made of columns of nerves= fascicles 2 types of columns -sensory tracts (ascending) -motor tract (descending)

Question 28

peripheral nerve components

Answer 28

-epineurium -perineurium -endoneurium

Question 29

epineurium

Answer 29

outer layer -continuous with the dura mater

Question 30

perineurium

Answer 30

-layer surrounding a fascicle (bundle of axons)

Question 31

endoneurium

Answer 31

layer surrounding single axon

Question 32

4 branches of spinal nerves

Answer 32

-white ramus -gray ramus -dorsal ramus -ventral ramus

Question 33

rami communicantes

Answer 33

-white + gray ramus -smooth muscle, glands, organs -motor impulses leave the spinal cord through the ventral root to the spinal nerves

Question 34

dorsal ramus

Answer 34

-skeletal muscel of the neck and back

Question 35

ventral ramus

Answer 35

-skeletal muscle of the limbs, sides and front torso

Question 36

What travels the dorsal root to the spinal cord?

Answer 36

sensory impulses travel in spinal nerve through the dorsal root to the spinal cord

Question 37

dermatomes

Answer 37

-pair of spinal nerves monitor specific skin surfaces in stripes -important for shingles (where they appear) -strips also test different nerves

Question 38

4 nerve plexuses

Answer 38

-cervical -brachial -lumbar -sacral -lumbosacral

Question 39

nerve plexus

Answer 39

bundle of spinal nerves intertwines

Question 40

cervical plex

Answer 40

-C1-C5 -cutaneous and muscular branches cutaneous branch= head, neck, chest

Question 41

muscular branch of cervical plexus ON TEST

Answer 41

-omohyoid, sternohyoid, geniohyoid, thyrohoid, sternohyoid, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae, trapezius, diaphragm (phrenic nerve), nerves 3, 4, and 5 keep diaphragm alive

Question 42

brachial plex

Answer 42

-nerves from C5 to T1 -superior, middle and inferior trunk -trunks merge to form lateral cord -can be stretched and damaged

Question 43

What can cause wrist drop? ON TEST

Answer 43

damage to the radial nerve in axilla

Question 44

what can cause carpal tunnel syndrome? ON TEST

Answer 44

-nerve damage at wrist from overuse -numbness, tingling in palm

Question 45

What can cause Herb's palsy? ON TEST

Answer 45

ulnar nerve damage -permanent flexion of pinky finger and partial contracture of ring finger -pope