Chapter 1

Question 1

what is biology

Answer 1

the scientific study of life

Question 2

what are some properties of life

Answer 2

order, evolutionary adaptation, regulation, energy processing, growth and development, response to the environment, and reproduction

Question 2

what are the levels of biological organization (biggest to smallest)

Answer 2

biosphere>ecosystems>communities>populations>organisms>organs>tissues>cells>organelles>molecules

Question 2

what is the biosphere

Answer 2

consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists; most regions of land, most bodies of water, the atmosphere to an altitude of several kilometers, and even sediments far below the ocean floor

Question 3

what is an ecosystem

Answer 3

consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts

Question 4

what is a community

Answer 4

the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

Question 5

what is a population

Answer 5

a population consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specific area that interbreed with one another

Question 6

what is an organism

Answer 6

individual living things

Question 7

what are organs

Answer 7

a body part made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body

Question 8

what are tissues

Answer 8

tissues are groups of cells that work together performing a specialized function

Question 9

what are cells

Answer 9

the cell is life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

Question 10

what are organelles

Answer 10

the various functional components present in cells

Question 11

what are molecules

Answer 11

a molecule is a chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

Question 12

what are emergent properties

Answer 12

novel properties that emerge at each level

Question 13

what is systems biology

Answer 13

the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts

Question 14

what is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 14

cell that contains membrane enclosed organelles; DNA containing nucleus

Question 15

what is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 15

a prokaryotic cell is a cell that doesn’t have membrane enclosed organelles, and lacks a nucleus; smaller than eukaryotic cells

Question 16

Full name of DNA

Answer 16

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 17

what are genes

Answer 17

basic units of heredity; encode the information necessary to build all of the molecules synthesized within a cell, which in turn establish that cell’s identity and function

Question 18

what is gene expression

Answer 18

entire by process by which the information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product

Question 19

what is a genome

Answer 19

the entire “library” of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

Question 20

what is genomics

Answer 20

when researchers study whole sets of genes in one or more species

Question 21

what is proteomics

Answer 21

the study of sets of proteins and their properties

Question 22

what is a proteome

Answer 22

entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism

Question 23

what are bioinformatics

Answer 23

the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that results from high throughput methods

Question 24

what are producers

Answer 24

photosynthetic organisms that produce food from the sun

Question 25

what are consumers

Answer 25

consumers are organisms that feed on other organisms or their remains

Question 26

what is feedback regulation

Answer 26

feedback regulation is the output or product of a process that regulates that very process

Question 27

what is climate change

Answer 27

a directional change to the global climate that lasts for three decades or more

Question 28

what is evolution

Answer 28

a process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time

Question 29

what are the three domains?

Answer 29

domain bacteria, domain archaea and domain eukarya

Question 30

what organisms fall under bacteria and archaea

Answer 30

single celled organisms

Question 31

what organisms are in eukarya

Answer 31

all the eukaryotes, four subgroups: kingdom plantae, kingdom fungi, kingdom animalia, and the protists

Question 32

what is kingdom plantae

Answer 32

kingdom plantae consists of multicellular eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to the chemical energy in food. most plant species live on land,

Question 33

what is kingdom fungi

Answer 33

kingdom fungi is characterized in part by the nutritional mode of its members (such as this mushroom) which absorb nutrients from outside their bodies

Question 34

what is kingdom animalia

Answer 34

kingdom animalia consists of multicellular eukaryotes that ingest other organisms

Question 35

what is natural selection

Answer 35

natural selection is the mechanism of evolutionary adaptation as the natural environment consistently selects for the propagation of certain traits among naturally occurring variant traits in the population

Question 36

what is inquiry

Answer 36

inquiry is the search for information and the explanations of natural phenomena

Question 37

what is data?

Answer 37

recorded observations

Question 38

what is inductive reasoning

Answer 38

collecting and analyzing observations can lead to important conclusions

Question 39

what is a hypothesis

Answer 39

an explanation based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction

Question 40

what is an experiement

Answer 40

a scientific test, carried out under controlled conditions

Question 41

what is deductive reasoning?

Answer 41

deductive reasoning involves logic that flows in the opposite direction: from general to specific

Question 42

what is an independent variable

Answer 42

the variable being manipulated by researchers

Question 43

what is a dependent variable

Answer 43

the factor being measured that is predicted to be affected by the independent variable

Question 44

what is a theory

Answer 44

more broad than hypothesis, more general, and more supported by a much greater body of evidence

Question 45

what is a model organism

Answer 45

a species that is easy to grow in the lab and lends itself particularly well to questions being investigated