Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

light microscope

A

visible light is passed through the specimen and then through the glass lenses. the lenses refract (bend) the light in such a way that the image of the specimen is magnified as it is projected into the eye or into a camera.

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2
Q

organelles

A

membrane enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells

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3
Q

electron microscope

A

focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface

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4
Q

scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A

used to study the surface of the speciment

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5
Q

transmission electrons microscope

A

used to study internal structure of cells

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6
Q

cell fractionation

A

technique to study cell structure and function; takes cells apart and separates major organelles and other subcellular structures from one another

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7
Q

cytosol

A

semifluid, jellylike substance called

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8
Q

nucleoid

A

DNA is concentrated here; not membrane enclosed

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9
Q

chromosomes

A

discrete units DNA is organized into

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10
Q

chromatin

A

complex of dna and proteins making up chromosomes

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11
Q

nuclear envelope

A

encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm

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12
Q

nuclear lamina

A

netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope

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13
Q

ribosomes

A

complexes made of ribosomal RNAs and proteins

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14
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

extensive network of membranes that it accounts for more than half the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells

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15
Q

smooth er

A

surface lacks ribosomes

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16
Q

rough er

A

studded with ribosomes

17
Q

glycoproteins

A

proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them

18
Q

transport vesicles

A

vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another

19
Q

golgi apparatus

A

packaging center

20
Q

lysosome

A

digestive enzyme

21
Q

phagocytosis

A

cell engulfing/eating the other

22
Q

vacuole

A

large vesicles derived from the ER and golgi apparatus

23
Q

endosymbiont theory

A

early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen-using nonphotosynthetic prokaryotic cell, and the engulfed cell formed a relationship with the host cell in which it was enclosed, becoming an endosymbiont

24
Q

thylakoids

A

interconnected sacs inside the chloroplast

25
Q

grannum

A

stacks in the thylakoid

26
Q

stroma

A

fluid outside the thylakoid

27
Q

peroxisome

A

specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane

28
Q

cytoskeleton

A

a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

29
Q

microtubules

A

hollow rods constructued from globular proteins called tubulins

30
Q

centrosome

A

a region that is often located near the nucleus

31
Q

cilia

A

cellular extensions that contain microtubules

32
Q

flagella

A

cellular extensions that contain microtubules

33
Q

microfilaments

A

thin solid rods built of actin

34
Q

actin

A

a globular protein

35
Q

dyneins

A

large motor proteins that are attached along each outer microtubule

36
Q

cell wall

A

extracellular structure of plant cells

37
Q
A