Chapter 16 Flashcards
bacteriophages
bacteria eaters
virus
dna enclosed by a protective coat, which is often simply protein. the produce more viruses a virus must infect a cell and take over the cells metabolic machinery
transformation
a change in the genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell
antiparallel
their subunits run in opposite directions
DNA replication
the copying of DNA
origins of replications
short stretches of DNA that have a specific sequence of nucleotides
replication fork
a y shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound
helicases
enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands
single-strand binding proteins
bind to the unpaired DNA strands keeping them from repairing
Topoisomerase
enzyme that helps relieve this strain by braking swiveling and rejoining DNA strands
DNA polymerase
catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end of a preexisting chain
primer
rna chain
lagging strand
DNA strand elongating away from the replication fork
Okazaki fragments
segments of the lagging strand
in mismatch repair
other enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides that have resulted from replication errors
