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Gen Bio 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is cohesion?

A

hydrogen bonds holding water together

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2
Q

what is surface tension

A

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of the liquid

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3
Q

what is adhesion?

A

the clinging of one substance to another

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4
Q

what is thermal energy

A

the kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

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5
Q

what is temperature

A

the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter, regardless of veolume

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6
Q

what is heat?

A

thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

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7
Q

what is a calorie

A

one unit of heat; the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1C

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8
Q

what is a kilocalorie?

A

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1C

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9
Q

what is a joule?

A

0.239cal; one calorie = 4.184J

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10
Q

what is specific heat?

A

the specific heat of a substance is defined as the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temperature by 1degree C

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11
Q

what is heat of vaporization?

A

the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state

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12
Q

what is evaporative cooling

A

as a liquid evaporates, the surface of the liquid that remains cools down

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13
Q

what is a solution

A

a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

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14
Q

what is a solvent

A

dissolving agent of a solution

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15
Q

what is a solute

A

substance that is dissolved

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16
Q

what is an aqueous solution

A

a solution in which the solute is dissolved in water; water is the solvent

17
Q

what is a hydration shell?

A

the sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

18
Q

what is a hydrophillic substance?

A

water-loving

19
Q

what is a hydrophobic substance

A

water fearing

20
Q

what is molecule mass

A

the sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule

21
Q

what is a mol

A

Avogadros number; 6.02x10^23

22
Q

what is molarity

A

the number of mols of solute per liter of solution

23
Q

what is a hydrogen ion

A

H+ (single protons with a charge of 1+)

24
Q

what is a hydroxide ion

A

a water molecule that lost a proton (charge of 1-); OH-

25
Q

what is a hydronium ion

A

(H3O+); water molecule+ proton

26
Q

what is an acid

A

substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. pH less than 7

27
Q

what is a base

A

a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration; pH above 7

28
Q

what is a buffer

A

a substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution

29
Q

what is ocean acidification

A

when CO2 dissolves in seawater, it reacts with carbonic acid, which lowers the ocean pH.

Gen Bio 1 (27 decks)

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